An Imaginary Life By David Malouf

â€Å"An Imaginary Life† by David Malouf is a delicately beautiful story of the urbane and irreverent Poet Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid), banished by Augustus for unspecified transgressions to Tomis, the very outposts of the known world, near the Black Sea.Notwithstanding his real life supplications to the emperor for remission of punishment, it is this grey unreported period that Malouf has explored with such lyrical acuity, with significant ahistorical departures to meet plot imperatives.Ovid's Metamorphoses is a group of stories where Change is the only constant and Ovid’s intention in recounting myths is established from the very beginning. â€Å"Prima ab origine mundi, ad mea perpetuum†¦ tempora carmen†- â€Å"from the very beginning of the world, in an unbroken poem, to my own time† (Metamorphoses 1.3-4).Book One of Ovid's Metamorphoses establishes the book's theme of metamorphoses and transformations with a creation tale that progresses into huma n stories leading to the current state of man.The creation piece is followed by a flood story and a discussion of the ages of mankind. The ages of mankind – gold, silver, bronze, and iron – describe man's slow progression from a good, wholesome society into a miserable, self-destructive one. The next stories concern tales of gods and goddesses and their manipulations of the human population and each other.In Malouf’s story of Ovid’s exile, the most accomplished of Roman poets, whose tongue had found such perfect form in metre and verse in a language that isolated and analysed the finest nuances, is forced to learn a ruder and barbarian vernacular, which was more assimilative and integrative than analytical.In fact they had no word for the concept of freedom, as in their worldview, nothing was free, all things being integrally dependent on all other things. This is the first of the transformations where the limitations of language are brought home to the s ophisticate.One day, while on a hunt with the tribesman, he comes upon a wild child one day which he adopts and cares for â€Å"as if he had been handed a new past.† In the very first paragraph of the book, the poet recounts how he has had repeated dreams and visions of â€Å"the unchanging other† which may represent both the historical Jesus Christ and the contemporary spiritual consciousness of the New Age.The poet is trying to reinvent his past and seeks redemption in his original, uncorrupted, state. This is a defining moment for the second transformation of the poet, who will progressively realise the essentiality of grounding oneself in nature to realise one’s true identity.

Why Is This Important For Success At University Education Essay

Independent larning refers to the theory where scholars are actively involved in their ain learning process. For a pupil to be an independent scholar means they take duty for thought and larning themselves and do n't trust excessively to a great extent on teachers/lecturers. A perfect definition of the term by Holec ( 1981 ) describes it as â€Å" aˆÂ ¦the ability to take charge of one ‘s acquisition † . Independent acquisition is a important construct in instruction by and large and has legion advantages to a pupil during their university callings and afterwards. This essay aims to sketch the chief characteristics of independent acquisition and research its many benefits to pupils, particularly at the university degree. To be a good independent scholar, a pupil has to possess certain qualities such as motive, resiliency, every bit good as good clip direction. This is chiefly because of the dedication required on the portion of the pupil in order to be passionate adequate about larning in order to ‘go the excess stat mi ‘ and execute in-depth background research which goes beyond the standard schoolroom nucleus course of study. Students must in their ain clip, learn more on their relevant classs beyond what lecturers teach or handout to them. This could affect ( although non limited to ) , for illustration, reading extra books, seeking for on-line stuff such as academic diaries and educational web sites, and perchance even speaking to non-academic professionals in the relevant field of survey. A typical scenario for the last illustration mentioned may affect a jurisprudence pupil make up one's minding to hold an informal confab with a barrister to larn his sentiment or experiences on a pe culiar legal affair. As can be seen, the possibilities and types of independent acquisition are rather uninterrupted and can truly merely boil down to the pupil ‘s ain imaginativeness and desired method for deriving that excess cognition to do their surveies that more dynamic and interesting. When pupils learn independently, they are actively prosecuting themselves in their surveies, instead than merely blindly following their set course of study as if they were living deads. Independent larning hence makes a pupil much more open-minded and helps them in developing a more indifferent attack towards theories, statements and so on. This is important for developing their critical and analytical accomplishments, which are an absolute must at the university degree, peculiarly at the ulterior phases where pupils are involved in researching and bring forthing thesis and thesiss. Mynard and Sorflaten ( 2011 ) argued that â€Å" by being involved in this procedure, they start to do meaningful connexions with the universe outside the schoolroom † . Even though this essay aims to sketch the relevancy of independent larning to a pupil ‘s academic calling, the above extract clearly shows us that the construct is a utile one in and out of the schoolroom, which is of import for a pupil ‘s general development. By taking their ain enterprise with their acquisition, pupils lessen their dependance on pedagogues in general and can therefore benefit in a figure of ways by, for illustration, increasing their autonomy, leting them to do informed picks about their acquisition by going aware of their strengths and failings, developing new attacks to larn, enabling them to put ends and program more efficaciously, and a whole myriad of advantages. Independent acquisition besides doubtless improves the quality of a pupils ‘ academic work as they are able to draw from a huge pool of cognition due to their extra-curricular reading. Exam classs and so on are hence likely to be higher on norm for those pupils who are actively engaged in independent acquisition activities. This is non merely due to the excess cognition they have gained, but due to the fact that they are by and large better equipped at really analyzing with the accomplishments they get by seeking to be independent every bit much as possible. While good clip direction accomplishments are required to be a good independent scholar, it no uncertainty improves a pupil ‘s clip direction and organisational abilities even further. This is because in order to efficaciously research certain issues independently, one has to develop a peculiar construction and attack towards larning which is truly really flexible and depends on the manner that the scholar wishes to configure their ain acquisition manner since it is alone to them and them entirely. In theory, hence, independent acquisition makes a pupil a better scholar in general as it were, because it allows them to work at their ain gait and detect how they interact best with their acquisition. They can besides develop certain tactics which a instructor can merely explicate so far. Such tactics may include skim reading and so on. These tactics of class, make larning a batch more efficient. Another really of import facet of independent acquisition is contemplation. Besides motive and clip direction, pupils must be able to properly reflect or believe back on what they learn in order to efficaciously supervise their advancement every bit good as to measure what countries need betterment and so on. Reflecting is really of import in independent acquisition and contributes toward doing pupils more autonomous in footings of their sophistication. It is extremely improbable that a dependent scholar will of all time acquire an chance to thoroughly reflect on their advancement and promotion. When sing the thought of independent acquisition as a whole, it is possibly wise to take into consideration an interesting tendency that is distance larning. Distance acquisition has been described by Honeyman and Miller ( 1993 ) as â€Å" a procedure to make and supply entree to larning when the beginning of information and the scholars are separated by clip and distance, or both † . The University of London was the pioneering establishment to offer distance larning grades, whereby pupils could take classs without really holding to of all time put pes on the university campus. There were a figure of methods which the classs and correspondence stuff could be delivered but there is no denying that this revolutionized the manner instruction was conducted as more and more establishments worldwide bit by bit began to follow this highly convenient method of offering classs. Students could now analyze from anyplace in the universe at specialist distance larning plans at these establ ishments. The development of this acquisition construct has surely drastically increased the demand for pupils to accommodate to independent acquisition, most particularly those that are take parting in such plans. The growing of Information and Communication Technology or I.C.T has enabled this system to farther spread out as it has allowed more advanced class bringing options such as unrecorded cyclosis, web conferencing, instructional telecasting, to call a few. Distance acquisition ( which makes up a important proportion of university classs offered ) doubtless requires a great trade of independent larning since in most instances there is the deficiency of presence of a physical lector to steer the instruction procedure. In instances where there are physical coachs, so it is likely that communicating between them and their pupils is traveling to be really minimum. All in all, it can be concluded that independent acquisition is an priceless accomplishment for pupils at all degrees of instruction but most particularly at the university degree. It develops a assortment of qualities which further heighten a pupil ‘s success. Such qualities include but are non limited to: good clip direction accomplishments, enterprise, better reading and composing abilities, every bit good as organisation of undertakings. The execution of distance instruction has besides slightly changed the manner scholars learn and besides increased the demand for independent acquisition among pupils. The benefits of distance instruction to pupils every bit good as to establishments and the community in general are legion. They have besides enabled more people to achieve university grades than of all time before chiefly due to their flexibleness

Corporate social responsibility reporting Essay

Corporate social responsibility reporting - Essay Example CSER also commonly plays a central role in presenting a good picture of corporate accountability. For a long time now, CSER has been used as the best tool to encourage corporate strategies, policies and management decisions aimed at minimization of adverse environmental impacts of companies’ operations (UNEP, 1998). Since the development of the practices of corporate social environmental reporting in the early 1990s, the reporting has largely been accomplished through communications or disclosures within annual company reports. The disclosure provides information about the environmental (social) policies and practices and the impacts of the reporting company to the environment in which it operates. According to Deegan (2007), corporate social and environmental reporting has developed and become widespread over the past three decades, with these developments the disclosures by some companies have become more extensive to communicate and thus companies often publish the disclosu res in a separate social and environmental report. Corporate social and environmental reporting has grown particularly because of two main factors. Both factors are borne out of the fact that businesses and companies operate within the physical environment and space that is owned by society. First, Companies produce CSER reports to enhance their corporate image as a marketing tool. The second factor that influences the growth of CSER reporting is the increasing legal requirement by governments across the world for such disclosures to be made for the good of the environment (Yip et al., 2011). This paper examines whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports provide shareholders and stakeholders with useful information on corporate social and environmental performance or are they merely a public relations tool to benefit the Companies. Evolution of Corporate Social Environmental Reporting (CSER) It is estimated that reporting on social and environmental issues has been done b y Companies ever since financial reporting started. This is largely because environmental reporting has been required to meet regulatory obligations (Sutantoputra, 2009). Social and environmental issues, including material costs of regulatory compliance and probable losses due to litigation were disclosed since the early years of corporate annual reports for purposes of financial accountability. However, in the past three decades, there has been a significant increase in the public demand for social and environmental information from Companies. This has largely been driven by increasing public awareness, pressure from stakeholders, and social concern on environmental disasters and fair labor practices (Rahman et al., 2005). Although the demand for corporate social and environmental reporting has greatly increased in the past three decades, it is evident that public concerns about environmental issues related to production started as far back as the mid 1960s (Yip et al., 2011). At t hat time, claims that technological advances and rapid depletion of resources were adversely affecting the environment led to calls for increased accountability from the corporate community. It is at this time that activist groups and Non-Governmental Organizations such as Greenpeace came up to help in the public push towards more accountability by companies. In the early 1970s, companies began implementing social and environmental goals and making public their findings, CSR became introduced about this time. The two decades between 1970 and 1990 served as the first

Treasure Island Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Treasure Island Journal - Essay Example Jim’s father passes away during these chapters as well. Another character, a blind man comes looking for Billy Bones. He gives Billy a black spot which appears to be a secret pirate code. Jim is very fearful during these chapters. He is not only afraid for himself, but also for his mother. Though Jim is enthralled by the pirates he is also afraid of what they can do and at the end of chapter three he flees the Admiral Benbow with his mother. April 15, 2011 This entry will discuss chapters four through six. Jim and his mother decide to return to the inn. Billy Bones is now dead from a stroke. They take the key from around Billy’s neck and use it to open the sea chest where they find gold. Jim and his mother take some gold and a few papers before fleeing the inn for fear the pirates might return. Both of them manage to hide near the inn. Jim sees the pirates approaching, which included the blind man. It is revealed the blind man’s name is Pew. The pirates seem to b e looking for something in particular and when they don’t find it they become violent and enraged. Pew is killed when he is run over outside the inn by men on horseback. Jim thinks that the papers he took from the sea chest may have been what the pirates were looking for. Jim brings the papers wrapped in oilskin to Dr. Livesey who is at Squire Trelawney’s house. ... April 16, 2011 This entry explores chapters seven through twelve. Squire Trelawney is able to secure a ship and crew. The ship is called the Hispaniola. Squire Trelawney meets the character, Long John Silver in Bristol who assists him and asks to come along on the voyage as the ship’s cook. Squire Trelawney accepts. Jim comes to Bristol to meet up with Squire Trelawney and Long John Silver. Jim brings Tom Redruth along to be part of the ship’s crew. Jim meets Long John Silver at a tavern called the Spyglass. Jim seems to like Silver very much. Dr. Livesey meets Silver and likes him immediately as well. The character Black Dog appears again in the Spyglass, but leaves abruptly when he sees Silver. Also introduced in these chapters are the Captain Smollet and the first mate Mr. Arrow. Mr. Arrow disappears quite early on. It is not clear what exactly happened, but his drunken ways may be to blame. Job Anderson becomes the new first mate. Jim overhears an important conversa tion while hiding in an apple barrel one night. Silver talks about some of his adventures with the dead pirate Captain Flint. Jim now realizes that Silver and most of the crew members are pirates and are out for the rest of Flint’s treasure. Jim confides his new found information with Squire Trelawney and Captain Smollet. April 17, 2011 I have read chapters thirteen through fifteen and this is my account of it. The crew drops anchor and goes ashore but some remain behind. Jim and the other honest men try to reclaim the ship and figure out what to do about the pirates. Jim leaves his friends to go ashore with the pirates and then hides. The others on board the ships begin to arm themselves with weapons. So far Silver suspects nothing. Jim witnesses Silver killing one of his

Reputation and talent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reputation and talent - Essay Example The most important sustainable issue therefore to be discussed and explore is that of the reputation and talent management. Issues related with the labor, overtimes, low pays and unhygienic working conditions are some of the issues which constantly spring up in the media regarding Foxconn and which is ultimately hurting the reputation of our clients also. Apple has been focus of the controversy due to Foxconn. To successfully deal with this issue and to ensure that such negative publicity do not occur again, it is to be ensured that a systematic and thorough understanding of the Foxconn’s working environment will be conducted. Since Foxconn works in a particular cultural environment also therefore the emphasis would be placed upon helping the world to understand the actual cultural context within which Foxconn operates and how it is going to address all the related issues. In order to overcome the situation, a complete stakeholders’ analysis will be made to address the issue. Most important stakeholders will be taken into consideration and their views and concerns will be addressed. Especially those of Foxconn’s clients which operate into West and are subject to strict regulatory and ethical challenges regarding their operations and supply chain will be taken into consideration also. After discussions and thorough systematic study of the factors contributing towards the negative reputation of the firm, strategies will be recommended. Based upon the factors identified and the overall requirements of the stakeholders, a through change management plan will be implemented to overcome the management weaknesses and other related issues which are contributing towards this. After successful implementation of the plan, it is expected that the numbers of complaints in this regard will be reduced. Further, the employees will be

Health Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Health Critique - Essay Example Practically, when a nurse is attending to a patient, proper communication relationship will influence 100% patient audience and awareness concerning the health issue. The nurse will be able to influence the positive attitude of the patient towards the health issue hence the patient gets motivated and hope for quick recovery. According to Dahlgren and Whitehead’s 1991 model, it is evident that sociological factors broadly affect and determine the health practice of an individual. According to the model, there are various factors that influence individual health which as socially related. The model broadly and clearly describes social-ecological theories towards proper health practice (Whitehead and Dahlgren, 2005). The main objective of the model is to map-out possibilities of the relationship between an individual, their environment, and diseases (Whitehead and Dalhgren, 2005). In relation to the video, it is evident that personal behavior and way of living is a major factor affecting the health of the patient. Poor personal behavior and bad choice of a peer is one of the greater social determinants towards proper health practices. In reality, most people fall victim to health issues due to a poor social relationship. For example, the choice to smoke is a personal decision that can be triggered by poor choices of friends. Peer influence is a major determinant of health in a society. This is because it is known that many people fall victim to serious health issues; for example drug abuse due to bad peer choice. On the other hand, societies with responsible peer groups do face fewer health issues that are socially unacceptable.  Ã‚  

Metropolitan Police in Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Metropolitan Police in Security - Essay Example The Metropolitan police service has several identities linked to their current jobs. The identities include the amount of confidential data used, bunches, the emails and other police based identities. Therefore there is need to embrace modern technologies which will see them satisfy their requirements (CONANT & MOLZ, 2002). The requirement includes proper authorization of documents and information and adequate authentication of all information used in daily activities. Fuel-based authentication of the document will ensure that all information within the websites or Occurrence Book can be accessed countrywide from a single source. This means that different authorities can rely on single source security center for information. Currently, the modern technologies, which can be relied on, include. RSA based authentication Management system where authentication based software is used by the police unit to manage all security-based tokens, users, applications and multiple resources. The sys tem has instrumentally helped in managing authentically based policies for the whole police unit. The system can also help the Metropolitan Police Service unit to meet flexibility, scalability and high level of efficiency. In most companies and especially the security-based organization such as G4S, the system has been found to be highly secure in protecting encryption of the information collected about cases and criminals. In addition to that, it has been argued that it is highly effective given that it applies the Novell based electronic directory. Moreover, it has been recently improved to have the Oracle directory services.

Individual project 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual project 3 - Essay Example ether a range of subjects that are pertinent to current global healthcare and fitness challenges especially when considered together with the need to reverse the rising incidences of lifestyle diseases. Individuals and societies around the globe should acknowledge the impact of diet on health and nutrition. It is common knowledge that a consistent pursuit of the right forms of diet can help bring down the incident of some of the lifestyle diseases among individuals, families, groups, and societies. Indeed, the rise in heart diseases, diabetes, some forms of cancer, obesity, and other life conditions correlated with the increase in poor diet practices across the globe (Shils, 2005). As such, it becomes necessary to consider the impact of nutrition within the understanding of the current trends and dietary practices and the consequences on human health. Most nutritionists will easily agree that the best way to maintain a healthy diet and cut down on the levels of cholesterol in the body is to reduce the daily intake of foods rich in cholesterol. The danger is that most people tend to ignore the value of restricting their diet to foods that are significantly lower in the levels of cholesterol. Many others lack access to the kind of knowledge that would help them avoid adverse health practices that are associated with high levels of cholesterol. However, basic categorizing of food into those that have high and cholesterol levels is one of the ways by which people can avoid the adverse impacts of cholesterol. Food substances such as meat pie, butter, cream, hard cheese, and biscuits contain high levels of saturated fat. Such foods have multiple adverse effects on health and fitness. Other foods such as salmon, mackerel, almond, sunflower, and corn have unsaturated cholesterol. A consistent pattern of feeding on this group of food can reduce the levels of cholesterol within days or weeks. Despite lack of thorough research on the impact of culture on general fitness,

The Poetry of WWI Essay Example for Free

The Poetry of WWI Essay My study aims to cover the key points of the poetry written during and about the first world war and the various factors which may have influenced it. We will start with Drummer Hodge which was written during the Boer war by a writer named Thomas Hardy. The poem offers an unusual view of war which isnt often seen elsewhere. Drummer Hodge by Thomas Hardy The poem is an existentialist paradox Hodge was an unimportant figure in a major war and is representative of the thousands of casualties of the battle. The poem begins ambiguously. They could refer to either friend or foe. Their identity is not as important as their attitude towards Hodge. Hodge is thrown into a pit just as found, without a coffin and presumably without a service. His homely Northern breast and brain suggests Hodge was a simple, modest sort, but a valuable human nonetheless. Unlike the other poems, Drummer Hodge is very structured and never changes its six-line 1-2-1-2-1-2 form as opposed to Brookes and Owens use of octaves and sestets. Hardy uses Roman numerals to separate each stanza and to provide a classical feel to the poem. The mood of the piece is somewhat sympathetic towards the subject. Hodge could be anybody but is used as an example of the unfairness of war. In the second part of the poem, Hodge is referred to as being fresh like a child to young to die. Hardy constantly emphasizes Hodges foreignness and he makes it clear that Hodge was a complete stranger to the southern surroundings in which he fell. Words such as ..foreign constellations and that unknown plain are used to portray the fact. In Brooks and Owens sonnets, death is focused on and referred to throughout as glorious, brave and heroic while in Drummer Hodge, a death is portrayed as, sudden, unexpected, and ultimately unfair and inglorious similar to the surprise death of Brooke himself. In June 1914, Austria, Serbia, Russia, Germany, America and several other countries plunged into world war, engulfing Europe in one of modern historys bloodiest and most catastrophic conflicts. In fact, it is said to be the landmark and the beginning of modern history, it had a profound impact on the remainder of the century. Before this great war began, it was received in Europe with much enthusiasm, not since repeated. The public were led to believe it would be over by Christmas and would put an end to all wars. As we know, that was not the case. On the favorable side, the war did give birth to a whole new genre of poetry, led mainly by Rupert Brooke, but also many others. The patriotism expressed in these pieces was printed regularly in newspapers so anyone not yet in battle would rush off to become a soldier and get their name in the memorials. It kept the soldiers going and maintained their will to fight and die for their country. Many soldiers saw it as their duty to sacrifice themselves in the name of their homeland and any form of death in war was regarded as heroic and glorious. In the latter years of the war, the poetry became harder, more realistic and perhaps discouraging to aspiring soldiers as Owen, Rosenberg and Sassoon took over from Brooke and therefore it was not received with equal enthusiasm. However, Brookes war sonnets are still read out in church memorials today, the soldier in particular. Born the son of a schoolmaster in Rugby on August 3rd 1887, Rupert Chawner Brooke went on to become one of the most famous poets of the first world war, due largely to the success of his poem the soldier that expressed the patriotic feelings of a generation at the time of his death. However this was only one of his hundreds of poems written over the course of his life-time, many dealing with subjects other than war. Rupert was educated at Rugby, before moving on to study at Kings College, Cambridge. He was a good student and athlete and proved an extremely popular young man. In 1909 he moved to Granchester where he lived with his friends and wrote many of his non-war poems. In spring, became a member of the Fabian Society. He spent the spring of 1911 in Munich studying German where he met and fell in love with Flemish sculptress Elizabeth Van Rysselberg. When he returned to Granchester in May 1911, he began to work for his Fellowship at Kings. At the same time, despite the demands of his academic career, he completed his first volume of poetry, which he entitled Poems 1911. This was published in early December, and produced a small profit within a few weeks. In the next twenty years it ran to 37 editions, totalling around 100,000 copies. In 1913, Rupert was finally awarded a Fellowship at Kings. On 15th September 1914, he applied for a commission in The Royal Naval Division. Rupert Brooke actually saw little combat during the war. It was during this period that he wrote his most famous poetry. He wrote a set of five sonnets which rewarded him in instant fame after the soldier was quoted in a sermon in St. Pauls church, London. He took part in an expedition to Antwerp but while sailing for the Dardanelles, he was bitten on the upper lip by a poisonous mosquito. He soon fell ill and at 4:46pm on the 23rd April 1915, the day of Shakespeare and St George he died aboard a hospital ship in the Aegan of blood poisoning. His companions buried him in an olive grove on the Greek island of Skyros. We buried him in the same evening in an olive-grove where he had sat with us on Tuesday one of the loveliest places on this earth, with grey green olives round him, one weeping above his head; the ground covered with flowering sage, bluish-grey, and smelling more delicious than any flower I know .. We lined his grave with all the flowers we could find, and after the last post the little lamp-lit procession went once again down the narrow path to the sea. A Brief Summary of Brookes five war sonnets I. PEACE In the first of the five war sonnets from which Brooke gained the majority of his fame, the word war is not mentioned even once. Instead, Brooke talks about the release from pain, grief and a world grown old and cold and weary which is death. Death is personified as the key to cleaner life and the poem is begun by the thanking of God who has wakened us from sleep. The sestet speaks further about the privilege of death and finally obtained peace which our previous world failed to offer. The worst friend and enemy is but Death. II. SAFETY In the second chapter of Brookes plea for death, he explores the idea of war being safe safe from survival in this case. Who is so safe as we? III. THE DEAD It was poems like this which was used in newspapers in order to encourage young men to go to war and die, with the image in their minds that if they did so, they would become richer souls and labeled as heroic. Brooke speaks of the privilage of death which is introduced in the first sonnet and further magnifies its magnificence and Honour. dying has made us rarer gifts than gold. The poet compares the death of a soldier to the inferior ending met with old age by those living a life of safety and absent usefulness outside of war. that unhoped serene that men call age The sestet mentions the gain of Nobleness, Holiness and love lacked so long which comes hand in hand with an honourable death. IV. THE DEAD Similar to Hardys Drummer Hodge, the fourth in Brookes five sonnets talks about what has been lost with death. As in Drummer Hodge, the poem mentions how the dead had known joy, love, sorrow, kindness, emotion all of which is ended by death. However, unlike Hardys sympathetic approach to the matter, Brooke inserts his traditional, patriotic conclusions. a white, Unbroken glory V. THE SOLDIER The last of the five is of course the most widely known and anthologized of Brookes work, in fact it wouldnt be unfair to say that it is one of Englands most famous pieces of literature. It was this poem that triggered off instant fame for the poet and inspired many others. Brooke begins the poem with If I should die, think only this of me: which sets the tone for the rest of the poem to follow. The octave speaks of how an English corpse, fallen in a foreign field will leave a superior presence in the air and earth to the non English soil which occupied the space beforehand. The soil becomes a body of England and breathes fresh English air, blest by the suns of home. In the sestet, Brooke becomes a pulse in the eternal mind and his heart will be in peace in an English heaven. Despite the poems obvious politically unacceptable flaws (suns of home, an English heaven, richer dust in a foreign field etc), it is clear that it was the mood and tone of the piece which appealed to many rather than its words. Laurence Binyon Binyon was born in 1869 and died age 74 in 1943. Like Brooke, he is best remembered for one poem in particular, his being for the fallen. Unlike Brooke, Binyon was not actually a soldier in the war, but rather an orderly working for the Red Cross. For the Fallen by Laurence Binyon The word They which appears twelve times in the poem refers to the soldiers fallen in battle to which the poem is dedicated. The first stanza begins by speaking of England and They as one. England is personified as mother to them, With proud thanksgiving, a mother for her childrenFlesh of her flesh they were, sprit of her spirit, The whole piece is presented in a funeral-style tone, in fact the poem was probably used for exactly that. Solemn the drums thrill, A glory which shines upon our tears, We will remember them. The fifth stanza sounds similar to Hardys Drummer Hodge and Brookes IV. The dead in terms of mood and sympathy, yet more in the style of Brooke rather than Hardy in that they died for a reason for their country. The last stanzas tell how They are to England as stars are to the night, Moving in marches upon the heavenly plainstarry in the time of our darkness. After 1915, the war poetry began to change. Tones became harsher and more realistic as the death count rose and the war dragged on. After living through the horror of the trenches, the soldiers lost the enthusiasm with which they came to battle and the war only got worse as opposed to its Christmas end originally expected. The best known poet of this period is Wilfred Owen (1893 1918), famously quoted as claiming My subject is warthe horror and the pityThe poetry is in the pity. And indeed it was. Owens works are quite unlike any other, patriotism replaced by pity. He came to war with a smile on his face, as Brooke and all the other soldiers had done, but after the traumatizing experiences of fighting in the trenches and after witnessing more than one too many unneccacary deaths, his enthusiasm was turned to anger and would later be reflected in his poetry. From 1917 to 1918, Owen was sent home for a year to recover from concussion where he met Siegfred Sassoon who also had signific ant influence on his works. His most popular poem is Anthem for Doomed Youth. Anthem for Doomed Youth His disgust and pity towards the unreasonable loss of lives is expressed without hesitation as the poem begins and throughout the Octave. He begins by rhetorically asking the reader, What passing-bells for these who die as cattle?. Passing bells are tolled at funerals in churches to mark the passing on to heaven and the neutralizing of the soul which is spoke of in the sestet of Brookes The Soldier. The question takes an important turn before it finishes, turning the mind away from church and into war where these (his comrades) die as cattle and from here until the sestet, his pity is demonstrated. He proceeds to answer his semi-sarcastic question with Only the monstrous anger of the guns, Only the stuttering rifles rapid rattle. These, the subject of the poem die to the sound of guns, the noise of war and are left respectlessly in the dirt to deteriorate rather than a ceremony and burial one would usually hope for. His expression, die as cattle applies the fact that they were mass slaughtered, killed inhumanly. The sound of the rifles is all that Can patter out their hasty orisons, meaning that the prayers of their somewhat undesirable funerals are in the form of rapid gunfire. Again comparing their deaths to the out of war funerals, the wailing shells are given the role of the mourning choirs. The Sestet makes a sudden change in setting, taking the reader back to the homes of their families and the tone changes from harsh and anger driven to a sudden quietness, carefully contrasting the two settings, yet the sadness is still very much apparent. What candles may be held to speed them all?, he asks in a second opening question. Once again, the candles refer to the candles lit in the church ceremonies in which their souls are speeded off to heaven. Not in the hands of boys, being the boys who carried the candles at the funeral, but in their eyes which talks of the glitter of tears in their comrades eyes who are also referred to as boys (the idea being that that is exactly what they were, hence Doomed Youth) Shall shine the holy glimmers of good-byes. In the last line a drawing down of blinds is the blinds which are drawn as funeral prosessions are passed by houses, where the blinds or shutters are closed as a mark of respect for the dead. Here however, the whole world draws its blinds for them at each dusk. The poem may be easily comparable to The Soldier given that they were both written during the first world war, they are of similar structure and length and both were written by young men who both died during that war. However, being that Anthem for Doomed Youth was written later on in the war, and Brooke died before experiencing the horrors of the trenches, both poets have approached the subject with a different tone, Brooke seeing the war from an entire different angle from Owen who witnessed the aftermath and the wars many casualties.

Criminal Trends Essay Example for Free

Criminal Trends Essay There is no question that crime has had and continues to hinder society. The criminal justice system is an intricate part of society and is essential that this system remains capable of adequately dealing with the latest crime trends. It was the establishment of the consistency with the Social Commission that the number or crimes should become a priority so that the facts and statistics developed can be readily available for use. When the first crimes were recorded over 60 years ago there findings showed crime trends in larceny, physical assaults, and homicide. As time progressed into today the studies conducted show an increase and broader concept to include organized crime from the mafias, organized crime involving gangs, trafficking of illegal drugs, and the illegal trafficking of humans. The interface between components of the criminal justice system and criminal justice connections with surrounding society is always changing. There are many components that affect society and criminal justice system. Components such as the increase of juvenile crimes, gun control, technology, and legalization of drugs, terrorism, and the list can continue. The two main components that have the largest effect from society to the criminal justice system are going to the increasing advancement of technology and the newly risen debate of gun control. These two components have the largest impact on society and the criminal justice system. Past trends that affected the criminal justice system: Society and the criminal justice system had their share of crime during the past. The crime that was handled during this time was difficult as it is today when something new occurs and has to be handled. Years ago there was not the forensics capabilities or the technology that we have today to solve murders and other crimes. The technological devices and advances that are available today were not present; therefore, requiring society and the criminal justice system do the best they each could do. The criminal justice system and its many agencies did not have bullet proof vests, GPS search systems, DNA/forensics, computers, Internet, biometric imagery, database information centers, telephones, walkie-talkies, and the list continues. Depending on how deep in the past things is observed or studied the criminal justice system and society had a different relationship than what is found today between the two. Society was not as quick to get involved with matters that did not concern them or their families; however, society had more of a hardcore respect for the criminal justice system especially, law enforcement. Technology is not the only component that affects the criminal justice system and society, gun laws and rights do so as well. In 1787, under The Bill of Rights in the second amendment was established allowing the American citizens to the â€Å"right to keep and bear arms† (Lee, 2012). Gun Control issues that are prevalent today were not seen as issues in the past and possibly could be seen differently in the future. There has been laws and policies created in the past that if they were not established the impact would be horrible for today’s criminal justice system. The list below complies to the past circumstances with gun control to make what society and the criminal justice system has developed recently. 1934 The National Firearms Act was established to help maintain, control, and tax firearms used during the prohibition era (Lee, 2012). * 1938 The Federal Firearms Act was established to begin the process of record keeping and acquiring a licensing for sellers (Lee, 2012). * 1968 The Gun Control Act was established to prohibit anyone from purchasing a long gun through the postal service, prohibits convicted felons, drug users, and the mental ill from obtaining the right to carry a firearm (Lee, 2012). 1990 The Crime Control Act was created to make certain areas gun-free zones, such locations that of a school area (Lee, 2012). The fact that these actions created and maintain from the past a foundation that we use today when dealing with any form of gun violence or gun requirement. In past people could carry a gun inside facilities, own whatever make or model that was present at the time, children knew how to shoot, children could carry a gun (western days); however, with the incidents that occurred developed the impact that we carry on today in society. The truth behind every act or law there is a reason to why it was created, established, and enforced. Recent and present trends that affecting the criminal justice system: According to Cetron and Davis, â€Å"the exponential rate at which technology is changing directly affecting policing today. While it offers new tools for officers, it is also providing extremely lucratively and easy means of criminal activity. † The criminal justice system and citizens are both affected by this change. Technology has progressed so rapidly over the past decade alone that criminals are committing crimes internationally, and this is making the job of law enforcement agencies even more difficult, more time consuming, and more dangerous. The criminal justice system does still have corruption from different agencies, especially the law enforcement. Today, technological advancements, and crime control relate to investigator and investigations may not significantly decrease violent crimes, only time will tell if technology advancements are hindering the criminal justice system and the privacy that Americans so desire nowadays (Muraskin, 2009). One of the most important technological creations used today is smartphones. Smartphones are equipped with cameras to take live and still shots, voice recordings, application downloads, file storage, area to link other equipment into the phone, and the list continues. The second most important technological device that has been created and used today by society and members of the criminal justice system with the different agencies is The Global Positioning System or GPS. The second trend that has taken toll recently with society and the criminal justice system and its many agencies is gun control. The horrible incident that occurred at Sandy Hook elementary school where innocent children lost their lives started a national conversation on the revision of gun control policies and acts presently in effect (Greathouse, 2013). Issues such as assault weapons bans, ammunition access, deterring the use of guns by criminals and the potentially violent, and the influence of violent media are in question because of this horrible attack. The role of law enforcement and the courts in reducing further incidents of gun violence has also been at the forefront of the h\gun violence discussion. There have been efforts to impose harsher sentences for gun crimes, producing stark difference in the federal versus state or local penalties in some areas† (Goldberger, 2008). Society has mixed emotions of the possible increments that could affect their ability to maintain their second amendment right. The main argument with most individuals in society is that guns don’t kill people, but people kill people. The possibility of divided society is strong if society loses their rights to â€Å"bear arms†, and on the other hand member of the criminal justice system who are also a part of society when off duty will have to handle the aspect of a â€Å"twin edged sword. † Future trends that will affect the criminal justice system: Attorney General Eric Holder stated, â€Å"The globalization of criminal networks and advances in technology have made international criminal organizations a significant threat to the safety and security of our nation. Preparing for the future in the criminal justice system with its many agencies and society is a hit and miss. The technology possibilities are endless. The new crimes that can occur or the possibility of terrorism happening again in this country are always strong. According to Nancy M. Ritter, â€Å" There is no question that terrorism, the growth of multicultural populations, massive migration, upheavals in age composition demographics, technological developments, and globalization in the future will affect the criminal justice system† (Ritter, 2004). Society is ever changing with the flow of the economy and the different cultures and nationalities that are present. It is a fact that we cannot control what has happened in the past, but we do have some control on what happens in the future. Society and the criminal justice system with its many agencies needs to develop an understanding and a respect for each other immediately so that when situations occur that no one in particular is involved respect for the decision and outcome are acceptable. Value of the criminal justice system in a changing society: People of society want to feel safe in our communities no matter where we are or what we are doing. There should not by any shape or form of reasoning to why individuals should not feel safe within their own homes, communities, and neighborhoods. People should be able to arise every day without having to look around and make sure if it is safe to leave their domain. Individuals should be able to walk down the street without having to look constantly over his or her shoulders in fear of harm. The relationship between the criminal justice system and society is not a complex relationship. Society is involved in many steps, policies, and procedures within the criminal justice system. Society helps with the elections of officials and also has a possible role in law making. Individuals from society help in the courtroom proceedings as well as they are members of a jury. According to Muraskin and Roberts, who states that â€Å"society is a part of the criminal justice system and its protocol such as the prevention of crime, policy making, and witnesses during court cases and jury members during courtroom proceedings. The criminal justice system is establish with law enforcement help enforce the laws of the â€Å"land† and protect the individuals in society. Society and the criminal justice system has had their differences that changed the perception and amount of respect some individuals had toward the system, but strive forward the past has to be let gone. Soceity and the criminal justice system has to work to work together to maintain a safe and stable living en vironment for everyone. The value of the criminal justice system in a changing society is irrefutable. Society would be nowhere if there was not a crimirnal justice system. If the criminals justice system did not exist, and this country would be taken over by organized crime, terrorst groups, by drugs, identity theft, prostitution, human trafficking, and the list continues. The system gives society their rights, what keeps them safe and what upholds the law. Our societies are changing daily with the increasing illegal immigrants who are located within our borders. The increaseing amount of illegal immigrants develops differences in races, cultures, beliefs, and ideology. The crimnal justice system keeps many of these things from taking over our nation and witout them there is no hope. â€Å"Predictions and visions of the furture are makred by challegnges, expectatons, advaced preparedness, and techological developments. Crminal justice professionals are encountering enormous challenes and organizational changes, Whether or not the technologically advnaced changes in criminal justice investgations and crime control will contnue to significantly reduce violent crime rates remains to be seen. But, technological and social developments as well as policy changes offer much promises for the future† (Muraskin, 2009). Conclusion: The crimes that society has had to contend within the past still hinder the criminal justice system along with the new elements of crime. Crime trends are extending beyond the border of the United States and are a challenge globally. Cybercrimes are on the rise as society becomes more dependent upon electronic data gadgets and the Internet. The criminal justice system of today is believed by many not to be capable of remaining effective without change. The current methods of dealing with criminals and their crimes are ineffective toward the current crime trends. This will require changes in the way the grand jury operates on an everyday basis. The most practical effective method for the grand jury would be to meet and discuss current crimes and punishments without an authoritarian disposition. The ongoing fact is that the criminal justice system has and will contour to change. Criminal will come up with new and clever ways to commit their crimes and the criminal justice system has to come up with ways to combat these advancements. Society will always have criminals therefore making the constant need for the criminal justice system and all the agencies involved. The criminal justice system will always be an ever evolving field within society. Society changes on a regular basis and with change from within society develops the technological needs are established. In other words, as society changes the needs that it takes to be more productive is altered to fit the present situation. The barriers that come along can affect how the criminal justice system interprets on how to control and maintain the situation. The fundamental basis of the criminal justice system is to protect and serve the community. The criminal justice system has to stay ahead of the game, especially the changes that occur in society. Crime trends may not last; therefore, receiving a fundamental explanation of how long crime trends will last is anyone’s guess because different trends have no set time frame to how long they are going last. Trends whether what nature they are come and go and other develop in another ones place. Changes over time in crime trends and patterns have significant consequences, which affect the criminal justice system as well as to the essential departments because if one were to look at â€Å"such areas as health, housing, and employment consistent trends ad patterns emerge, whereas America lacks the information and comprehensive research on crime trends† (Goldberger, 2008).

Future Energy Crisis

Future Energy Crisis Future Energy Crisis Introduction Nowadays, energy has been depicted as a basic need in the human life. For example, to type this paper I need electrical energy for computer, lighting, air conditioner, etc. from this example, its clear that we need so much energy for doing something that is simple like typing. From paragraph above we can see that humans need much energy for doing their activity even its only one activity. If we look closer into this activity, we need more than just one kind of energy. This means, we need tremendous amount of energy to just do a simple thing like making report or paper, actually if there is no energy. Definition From those examples, we can define that energy is a scalar physical quantity that describes the amount of work that can be performed by a force, an attitude of objects and systems that is subject to a conversion law ­Ã‚ ­, it is required to do any kind of activity, and even just for reading this paper we need some amount of energy. In general energy is a really important part of our life. Forms of Energy Energy can be divided into many kinds, according to the criteria there is different forms of energy include kinetic, potential, thermal, gravitational, sound, light, elastic, and electromagnetic energy, there is still another type of energy that are indirectly shown in our lives for chemical energy Think about it, if one single daily activity we need so much energy, than we need more energy to do all of our activity in a single day. So, its obvious that the energy will soon depleted, considering that we use so much energy in one day, or even at only one hour. By looking at this fact, the world surely will face an energy crisis soon. Kind of energy sources There are several kinds of energy sources that scientist has divided energy into classified two categories by their renewability, which are not renewable energy source (hard energy technology) and renewable energy source (soft energy technology). Not renewable energy source are the source of energy that needs a very long time to regenerate, for example: crude oil, charcoal, and earth gas. Coal, for example, needs about more than million years to be available again, the process from the plants for fossilize, creating coal. Meanwhile renewable energy source are the source of energy that always be available with a huge amount and almost limitless, this energy source is either too many or very quickly to regenerate, for example: solar energy, wind, hydro, and biomass. For example, wind is a renewable energy, because wind will never depleted, no matter how much wind that you use, another example is solar energy, which we can use solar as an energy source. Not renewable energy source can be depleted since the rate of their utilization far exceeds the rate at which they are formed. This source of energy is the ones that we use in global scale because their energy is larger than the ones from renewable energy The renewable solar energy is subdivided into direct and indirect types. Sunlight that used directly can produce electricity, heat or derive a chemical reaction. It is used indirectly when it drives other processes, biological chemical or climatic mechanical, which in turn are used as the sources of energy. The energy sources can be classified in a number of ways based on the nature of their transaction, as commercial and noncommercial sources of energy. All energy resources, particularly the commercial ones, are natural. Coal, oil and nuclear sources constitute commercial sources, while firewood, biomass and animal dung constitute non-commercial sources. Also, the energy sources are classified based on animate and inanimate characteristics. Energy sources could also be classified as exhaustible/depletable or non-depletable/renewable resources. The distinguishing feature of an exhaustible resource is that, it gets exhausted when used as an input of a production process, and at the same time, its undisturbed role of growth is nil. That is if the temporal services provided by a given stock of an exhaustible resource are finite. Nowadays, people tend to use un-renewable energy, since it is much easier to process and easier to use. However, we cant keep this forever, because our energy need keep increasing from time to time, while the source of energy are slow to regenerate. The result will be quite fatal, as there will no more energy source available to be used, for instance, the oil reserves in the world would be depleted, it would be happen about 32 years from now if the use of oil on the constant rate. Energy crisis in very dangerous and must be prevented at all cost. It can create disaster; as the energy still needed by human; and declination of world economics and quality of life. For example if there is no more oil, then we cannot use transportations, and then business will be plummeted since goods can no longer be transported. Without electricity, we almost cannot operate anything that needs electricity, like example: computer, hand phone, and other things. Imagine todays world, without any electricity, then our live would be miserable because almost of the invention need electricity. To avoid this crisis, scientist is trying to develop technology which can be used to utilize the un-renewable energy. Although it is a little late, as the use of oil and another un-renewable energy reserve were depleted, there is a hope for this method to succeed. This breakthrough in renewable energy utilization is aiming at energy conservation. By using renewable energy instead of that, we can acquire unlimited amount source of energy, and without fearing that it may depleted. Lately the vital source of our energy, mainly oil and coal, are in danger. Unless we found such way using alternative energy to replace its function, we will face the energy shortage, our civilization would be crippled, and thats why we need to pay close attention of how we use a device with this kind of energy as its source. In nowadays we still use the energy, but the need of the energy isnt turning down but rather increasing, this is the causes of energy crisis in future, and also there are some problems like war or terrorist attack (i.e. oil field that got burned,), etc. Energy Crisis An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. In popular literature though, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, it has about to come for about 30 years later (if the rate use of energy is constant) then there would be peak oil or oil crisis age, about 40-50 years later there wouldnt be any more cheap energy or rather there wouldnt be any energy left for use. Historical Crises * 1970s Energy Crisis Cause: peaking of oil production in major industrial nations (Germany, U.S., Canada, etc.) and embargos from other producers * 1973 oil crisis Cause: an OPEC oil export embargo by many of the major Arab oil-producing states, in response to western support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War * 1979 oil crisis Cause: the Iranian revolution * 1990 spike in the price of oil Cause: the Gulf War * The 2000-2001 California electricity crisis Cause: failed deregulation, and business corruption. * The UK fuel protest of 2000 Cause: Raise in the price of crude oil combined with already relatively high taxation on road fuel in the UK. * North American natural gas crisis * Argentine energy crisis of 2004 * North Korea has had energy shortages for many years. * Zimbabwe has experienced a shortage of energy supplies for many years due to financial mismanagement. * Political riots occurring during the 2007 Burmese anti-government protests were sparked by rising energy prices. Energy shortages The crises that exist as of 2008 include: * Oil price increases since 2003 Caused by continued global increases in petroleum demand coupled with production stagnation, the falling value of the U.S. dollar, and a myriad of other secondary causes. * 2008 Central Asia energy crisis: caused by abnormally cold temperatures and low water levels in an area dependent on hydroelectric power. Despite having significant hydrocarbon reserves, in February 2008 the President of Pakistan announced plans to tackle energy shortages that were reaching crisis stage. At the same time the South African President was appeasing fears of a prolonged electricity crisis in South Africa. * South African electrical crisis: The South African crisis, which may last to 2012, lead to large price rises for platinum in February 2008 and reduced gold production. * China experienced severe energy shortages towards the end of 2005 and again in early 2008. During the latter crisis they suffered severe damage to power networks along with diesel and coal shortages. Supplies of electricity in Guangdong province, the manufacturing hub of China, are predicted to fall short by an estimated 10 GW. * It has been predicted that in the coming years after 2009 that the United Kingdom will suffer an energy crisis due to its commitments to reduce coal fired power stations, its politicians unwillingness to set up new nuclear power stations to replaces those that will be de-commissioned in a few years (even though they will not be running in time to stop a full blown crisis) and unreliable sources and sources that are running out of oil and gas. It is therefore predicted that the UK may have regular blackouts like South Africa. Energy management An electricity shortage is felt most by those who depend on electricity for their heating, cooking and water supply. In these circumstances a sustained energy crisis may become a humanitarian crisis. If an energy shortage is prolonged a crisis management phase is enforced by authorities. Energy audits may be conducted to monitor usage. Various curfews with the intention of increasing energy conservation may be initiated to reduce consumption. To conserve power during the Central Asia energy crisis, authorities in Tajikistan ordered bars and cafes to operate by candlelight. [9] Warnings issued that peak demand power supply might not be sustained. In the worst kind of energy crisis energy rationing and fuel rationing may be incurred. Panic buying may beset outlets as awareness of shortages spread. Facilities close down to save on heating oil; and factories cut production and lay off workers. The risk of stagflation increases. Alternative energy sources Definition Alternative energy is an umbrella term that refers to any source of usable energy intended to replace fuel sources without the undesired consequences of the replaced fuels There are several definitions of the Alternative Energy which are: * Oxford Dictionary energy fuelled in ways that do not use up natural resources or harm the environment. * Princeton WordNet energy derived from sources that do not use up natural resources or harm the environment. * Responding to Climate Change 2007 energy derived from nontraditional sources (e.g., compressed natural gas, solar, hydroelectric, wind). * Natural Resources Defense Council energy that is not popularly used and is usually environmentally sound, such as solar or wind energy (as opposed to fossil fuels). * Materials Management Services Fuel sources that are other than those derived from fossil fuels. Typically used interchangeably for renewable energy. Examples include: wind, solar, biomass, wave and tidal energy. * Torridge District Council Energy generated from alternatives to fossil fuel. Need not be renewable. The general Definition is an energy sources that can be used to replace un-renewable energy that are renewable but sometimes with side effect, sometimes alternative energy that wont create side effect are called Green energy. In response to the petroleum crisis, the principles of green energy and sustainable living movements gain popularity. This has led to increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research such as fuel cell technology, liquid nitrogen economy, hydrogen fuel, methanol, biodiesel, Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, wave power, and wind energy, and fusion power. To date, only hydroelectricity and nuclear power have been significant alternatives to fossil fuel. Hydrogen gas is currently produced at a net energy loss from natural gas, which is also experiencing declining production in North America and elsewhere. When not produced from natural gas, hydrogen still needs another source of energy to create it, also at a loss during the process. This has led to hydrogen being regarded as a carrier of energy, like electricity, rather than a source. The unproven dehydrogenating process has also been suggested for the use water as an energy source. Efficiency mechanisms such as Negawatt power can encourage significantly more effective use of current generating capacity. It is a term used to describe the trading of increased efficiency, using consumption efficiency to increase available market supply rather than by increasing plant generation capacity. As such, it is a demand-side as opposed to a supply-side measure. Role of the Alternative Energy Alternative Energy are supposed to replace fuel but there are several effects as well, which are: * Alternative Energy help our environment by not producing harmful emissions (some of them) because they doesnt create any pollutant * It can be accessed anywhere on the planet with the right equipment * It will create thousands of job opportunities * It will save you a lot of budget (just for personal use) Consequences of using Alternative Energy Alternative Energy, which can replace un-renewable energy still have its own flaws, for example: some of them are theoretically flaw (it was impossible to do that or there still needed some research, etc.) or some of them are expensive, the energy source needs to be produced using high technology, the other reason is because the source only produce very small amount of energy that it doesnt enough to replace the fuel source Energy Saving Energy Consumption In some country there is daylight saving which is electricity saving in summer that the time in the some country are fast forwarded in some country, if the time is at 12:00 pm then the time in the clock is about 10-11:00 am. Some of the country doing some regulation to save the energy like regular blackout, use mass amount of solar panel, using recycled items, and use of wind energy (like in Dutch) Conclusion From the text above we can conclude that humans need to search for another energy sources (Alternative Energy).Its necessary because the energy will soon depleted, and without energy, there is nothing we can do. So if we start to search for alternate energy and do the energy saving then we can evade the worldwide energy crisis.

Joy Luck Club Character Analysis :: essays research papers

Lindo Jong is a member of the Joy Luck Club along with Suyuan Woo, An-mei Hsu, and Ying-ying St. Clair. Lindo Jong is a mother to three children, a divorcee, and a wife to a second husband. She grew up in China, and even though her children are American, she wants them to have some Chinese character also. Lindo’s character encompasses three major traits including cleverness, being controlling, and loving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Lindo turned the age of two, she was engaged to marry Tyan-yu who was one year old at the time. When her family's house was destroyed by a flood, Lindo left her mother to live with Tyan-yu and his family while her’s lived with other relatives. Over a time period of about 4 years, Lindo began to forget who she was and where she came from partly because of Huang Taitai’s supervision. Since she didn’t want to be in the marriage, she cleverly devised a plot to escape from her awful commitment with Tyan-yu. She told Huang Taitai that their ancestor is going to give their family three forewarnings that Lindo and Tyan-yu should not be married. First, a black. finger-print sized mark on Tyan-yu’s back will start to eat away at his flesh. Lindo saw this mark ever since she had been sleeping with him as if they were brother and sister. Secondly, the tooth in Lindo’s mouth, which had rotted and fallen out four years ago, had disappeare d. She said â€Å"He said my teeth would start to fall out one by one, until I could no longer protest leaving this marriage.† (Tan 61) Lastly, Lindo proclaimed that the servant girl has already been chosen to be Tyan-yu’s true wife, and that a seed has already been planted into her. Unknowingly to Huang Taitai, Lindo had seen the servant girl speaking to a delivery man who had actually impregnated her. After receiving a ticket to Peking, she married Tin Jong and had three children, Winston, Vincent, and Waverly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Waverly, her only daughter, became a national chess champion by the time she was nine years old. After she and Lindo got into an argument over chess, Waverly decided she would stop playing. After Waverly and Lindo have a chance to think about their argument, Waverly decides to play chess again. Her mother remarks with â€Å"You think it is so easy. One day quit. Next day play. Everything for you is this way.

Theme, Subject and Meaning in Breathless and Citizen Kane :: Film Movies

Theme, Subject and Meaning in Breathless and Citizen Kane Many devices such as theme, subject and meaning reflect different aspects of a film. The time and place that the movie is made are usually affected but this. A great example of this would be the film Breathless, directed by Godard. This is a story of the love between a small-time crook who is wanted for killing a cop, and an American woman who works for a French newspaper. Their relationship develops as the man hides out from the police. Breathless uses the famous techniques of the French New Wave: location shooting, improvised dialogue, and a loose narrative form. Godard also uses cuts that seem, to jump from one scene to another, with what seem to be deliberate \\"mismatches\\" between shots. This is what makes this movie so special. It could never have been made before it had been. It was made in the post worlds War II era in the year 1959. The plot and subjects reflect this, because there really is no major plot except for the one that I have already described. This was a revolutionary movie in that aspect. This movie was made in France, partly because that was where it was set, but mainly because that is where the new director c ould afford to make such a makeshift movie. Another example of a movie that shares such aspects is Citizen Kane. There are many references in this fictional movie to a non-fictional man. This man would be William Randolph Hearst. He was a self made millionaire quite like the main character of the movie. Hearst was also was in the business of journalism. He lived a very eccentric life like that of Kane’s. He was politically involved in the 1930’s as a pro-Nazi and in the 40’s as an anti-communist. This was similar to Kane’s character that ran for office in New York. While Kane enjoyed the luxuries of Xanadu, Hearst had his own castle at San Simeon. These are the similarities on screen between the two, but behind the scenes there was a heated debate over the making of this movie. Hearst did not want this movie made even though it was not exactly a portrayal of his life.

Business Plan for a new soft drinks Essay

1.0 Company description 1.1 Brief History and Present State Eclipse Chill Drinks introduced itself in 2012 as a roadside juice selling endeavor in Dhanmondi, Dhaka. Initially we had two outlets with no any administrative office and all the administrative activities were conducted over the communication via phone and social media. Gradually, we expanded our business throughout the Dhaka City establishing as a private limited company and today we have 200 mobile retail outlets serving raw fruit juice and drinks, mainly sugarcane juice and lemon soda, to the mass pedestrians of the city. Eclipse Chill has also settled in a corporate office situated at 23/4, Dhanmondi 4/A, Dhaka-1215. We also have a small storage house, at Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, for keeping inventories and machineries. The company is now at the initial stage of transition with the plan to produce and sell canned beverages to the confectionary and super stores with the new name Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. Our conducted feasibility analysis reveals a huge demand for our current product at home or other convenient places with currently not reflecting due to lack of health and hygiene concerns of roadside food products. Our research and development group has come up with the country’s first canned sugarcane juice drink that is viable to create buzz in the market. We will set up a big manufacturing plant in Gazipur where beverages will be produced and packaged in a healthy environment following a computerized automated process by imported equipments. 1.2 Mission Mission Statement: Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. wants to see itself as the top trustworthy host of fruit juice based beverage drinks in the market. Our current growth in the raw fruit juice market already proves us reliable in providing quality tasty drinks to the mass. Now we want to ensure that our product is healthy, hygiene, and quite durable so that we can serve all kinds of people in the market of fruit or soft drinks both home and outside. Initially we will enter the market with the position of niche marketing and in a few years we will be able to capture the juice and soft drinks market and hopefully lead the market in 10 to 15 years. 1.3 Existing Organizational Structure The current Eclipse Chill Drinks has a very simple diamond-shaped organizational structure with operation and sales being its major functional area. Figure 1: Organizational structure of Eclipse Chill Drinks 2014 (Source: self) We also initiated an outsourced Research & Development team for product development purpose, which is overseen by our product development head Mehedi Hasan. 2.0 analysis of juice & soft drinks industry The beverage industry is an established industry that is still growing because of many different new products it brings in the market and also because of the substantial increase in buying power of people. Globalization is another factor that plays its role in the steady growth of the beverage industry. Because of its establishment, the competitors are able to hold a steady return while the overall industry return is always high because of the industry growth. The industry comprises of several genres of products such as juice, soft drinks, energy drinks etc. However, we will be competing in the fruit juice drinks genre with our beverages originating from natural fruits. 2.1 Competitor Analysis Since we will sell juice drinks products, out main competitor brands will be ACME, Pran Frooto, Frutika, Shezan, and Slice. However, these brands mainly sell orange or mango based juice products while our company will be selling unique products based on sugarcane, grape, lemon, water melon etc. based drinks. From that perspective, those brands are more like substitute products in the market for our company and our direct competitor in that sense is the Appy Fizz drinks. However, we will consider the previously mentioned brands as our direct competitors since they are the major players in the market and thus that makes more sense from the market viewpoint. The list of our major competitor companies are give below: i. Pran (Fruit juice and drink) ii. Akij Food and Beverage (Fruit juice) iii. Globe Soft Drinks and Beverage (Fruit juice and drink) iv. Abul Khair Consumer Goods (Fruit juice and drink) v. Partex Beverage (Fruit drink) vi. Hashem Foods (Fruit juice) vii. Transcom Beverage (Fruit juice) viii. Acme Agrovet & Beverages (Fruit juice) ix. Pepsico (Slice) Figure 2: Bangladesh fruit juice and drinks industry market share (Haque, n.d.) 2.2 Industry Attractiveness According to Porter (1980) there are five major competitive forces (Rivalry among firms, Threat of new entrants, Threat of substitutes, Bargaining power of suppliers, Bargaining power of buyers) in the market that determines the potential of an industry and its firms in terms of profitability since they significantly affect pricing. Following Porter’s competitive forces model analysis, we have found the following feedback for the industry. Table 1: Porter’s five competitive forces analysis (self) Our findings suggest that the industry we want to operate into is very lucrative and profitable as it mostly poses a moderate level of threat to overall industry profitability. 3.0 market analysis 3.1 Market Description We have more clear and specific information about the market and we are also aware of the customer demand and choices. The juice and soft drinks market always expect new quality products. Based on our Research and Development, we are determined to serve our customer needs and wants with a totally new taste of juice drinks like â€Å"Canned Sugarcane Drinks†. Our initial market consists of Dhaka city with a population of around 10 million and our target market include .80 million of that population. 3.2 SWOT Analysis We have identified some factors that define our strengths and weaknesses of our business that will affect the market and some opportunities and threats that the market presents to our business. 3.2.1 Strengths We have a talented and experienced management team that will lead us to success. We also have a very good relationship with our suppliers and other stakeholders. Our core input products are manufactured or found locally in the country so we can get them quickly and easily; also the price will be cheaper while the transportation cost will be minimized. We already have a reputation for providing good quality raw juice products. 3.2.2 Weaknesses We are entering the beverage industry as a new name so we will face a lot of competition and also our recognition will take time to get established. We will introduce ourselves with only one product. This less of product classification is not going to reach all of our target market. We also have challenges to maintain the product safety and quality since it is a food  product and any little mistake may lead to lawsuit problems. 3.2.3 Opportunities The beverage market expects new taste and flavor which we are going to bring. The industry is of high growth rate and it is still increasing with the increase in people’s income and need for quality life. Country’s infrastructure of communication, transportation, and media is improving that will make things easy for our business. The positive economic trend also helps our cause. 3.2.4 Threats There are already major rivals competing in the industry strongly. Moreover, there are available substitute products in the market which takes away the control of pricing a little from us. The political unrest in the country also poses threat to our business and the overall industry. As the product is new and innovative, the company has to consider some critical issues, which are as follows- The products sales growth will be slow and our company may face loss in the very first year of their operation. Thus the company has to hold the product’s position for first 12 month, which is admirable. As the product is new in the market, it will take too much time to stay in the heart of the consumer and the beginning consumers will be innovators. Thus attractive and effective marketing will be needed to attract, grow, and retain the customers. The marketing objectives will be to create product awareness and trial. The company must use heavy sales promotion to entice trial that is matter of investing huge amount of money. The products cost per customer will be high, as the product is lunching initially 4.0 marketing plan Our marketing objective is to initially attempt to introduce the product in the market and establish a brand image, and to achieve a sales target of 68, 9850 units per year. Initially it may take 2 to 3 years until we reach such level but that is the target we want to meet. 4.1 Market Segmentation and Target Market We will segment the market using several geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral variables. 4.1.1 Regional Regionally we will segment the market in rural, urban, and suburban parts. We select urban and suburban areas as our target market since rural people are not likely to get a product with a good price that comes from a product they produce in mass. 4.1.2 Age group There are people of different ages in our target market. It includes children, teenagers, young adults, and middle aged and elderly people. We select children, teenagers and young adults as our target market since they are the people that are fond of juice based soft drinks. Middle aged and elderly people are excluded because most of them suffer from diabetics and ours is a sugar based product. 4.1.3 Income level The income of people ranges from low, lower middle, middle, higher middle, and high income. We want to target from middle income level to high income level people because people with lower income than that will feel the product highly priced. 4.1.4 Social class There are lower class, lower middle class, middle class, upper middle class, upper lower class, upper class, upper upper class etc. in the society. We want to target people from middle class to upper class because the can product will suit their class. Upper upper class people generally do not like new local brands. 4.1.5 User status Users can be divided into categories based on their use of a new product. It consists of potential user, first-time user, regular user etc. We want to target the first two groups for now since regular user will not try our product until it becomes a trend. 4.2 Marketing Strategy The greatest objective is to establish our new brand in the industry. The marketing strategy will seek to first create customer awareness regarding the product and establishing connections with targeted markets and work toward building customer loyalty and referrals. The specific marketing strategies include: 4.2.1 Increase awareness and brand image Inform the consumers about our new product â€Å"Canned Sugarcane Drinks†. Through  advertisement, leaflets, events we can increase awareness of the product and establish image of our product. 4.2.2 Cross selling We can use our existing distributors to distribute our new product. We will also be able to cross sell our new product with our existing products. This will help us promoting our new product to the market. 4.2.3 Quality and cost leadership Our strategy is for being the quality and cost leader in the market. We will offer the best quality unique drink in the market which will make us differentiated quality leader in the market. We will also be reducing our cost through the use of local raw materials through existing suppliers, latest technology, and economies of scale. 4.2.4 Mass production and distribution We will also going for mass distribution of our product. We want to distribute our product each and every corner of the country. We hope to make our product available to all the customers within 2011. Consumers will get the drink where ever he or she goes. 4.3 Marketing Mix The marketer E. Jerome McCarthy proposed a four Ps classification in 1960, which has since been used by marketers throughout the world (Needham, 1996). It includes strategies in product itself, pricing, place or distribution, and promotion. Our planned marketing mix follows: 4.3.1 Product Our product will enable our customers to have a different experience to taste in juice based soft drinks. They will be able to differentiate our product in quality and test which are unique in the soft drink market. They will not be able to feel the same way for the other soft drinks in the market. Our first product is a canned sugarcane based drinks called the â€Å"Eclipse Sugarcane Pop†. It is a quality sugarcane based cold drinks beverage that includes many nutrition factors and comes with a 250ml attractive package. It is the first of its kind in the market. 4.3.2 Price The other juice drinks, soft drinks, and energy drinks products of same size  charge more than 25 taka while we are going to price our product at exactly Tk. 25 per 250ml can. It does carry its brand value along with a competitive price offer. 4.3.3 Place As mentioned earlier, we will be doing mass distribution through building a strong and coordinated distribution network. We will provide sales based incentive programs to motivate our distributors to sell more. Bottled soft drinks are distributed through different channels before reaching the consumer. A small proportion of goods go through distributors, who serve as middlemen, facilitating further distribution and warehousing. Up to 50% of soft drinks are purchased by the consumer in supermarkets and general retailers. Other retail outlets include fast food and drinking venues; convenience stores and gas stations; vending Machine operations; smaller outlets (such as drug stores, community centers); and exports. We can use either rail or road for transporting our products for distribution. But in case of By Road, we will maintain a contract with a specific petrol pump. We will receive the bill of petrol through fax, e-mail or SMS and the bill will be cleared by banks through â€Å"Electronic Data Interchange† (EDI). After receiving and checking the consignment we will store some quantity of juice in the Dhaka office and rest of the product will be sent to the warehouse. The Dhaka office will contact with the warehouse through mobile. Though we are not using any distributor the retailer will collect carrot from our Dhaka office. So, we can say that the Dhaka office will be our â€Å"Point of Selling† (POS). 4.3.4 Promotion As we are new in the industry, our major marketing strategy is to make extensive promotional campaigns in order to get recognized in the market. There are many media through which we can achieve that. We strongly prefer television, billboards, print and online social media to do our promotional activities. We can also visit school, college, universities and other crowded places to offer free samples of our product. 5.0 management team and new company structure The management team of a start up business typically consists of the founder or founders and a handful of key management personnel. It includes the founders, board of directors, board of advisors, managers, key personnel etc. A management team represents some of the most talented and experienced professionals in the industry. 5.1 Executive Officers Masrur Ahmed Roman, CEO and Co-Founder As chief executive officer of Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd., Masrur Ahmed Roman is responsible for company’s top management decisions, generally reflecting in all business function areas. He co-founded the Eclipse Chill Drinks. He holds a Masters of Business Administration degree from IBA-JU and has an overall 10 years of industry experiences. Subrata Howlader, CFO and Co-Founder He is the chief financial officer of the company who will oversee the accounting and finance department. He will be responsible for the arrangement of funds, financial projections etc. He also co-founded the Eclipse Chill Drinks and also holds a MBA degree from IBA-JU. He worked as a senior finance officer in a reputed company for more than 5 years. Saiful Islam, Executive Director As executive director, he is responsible for the external matters of Company: building partnerships and broader business relationships, government outreach and technology thought leadership, as well as advising the CEO and senior leadership on business and policy issues. He has the experience of being the Assistant Managing Director of a reputed company for 10 years and also holds a masters degree from Dhaka University. Mahamud Hasan, Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Chief Legal Officer He leads company global teams for legal, public policy, communications, corporate development/mergers and acquisitions, and product quality operations. He also serves as chairman of Company’s investment. Mahamud Hasan has a LLB degree and also got a masters degree from Dhaka University. 5.2 Board of Directors Masrur Ahmed Roman, Chairman of the board, CEO, Co-founder He has successfully led the Eclipse Chill Drinks since its origin and now will lead the board of directors of Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. Tushar Chanda, Co-founder He has been the head of sales and marketing department of Eclipse Chill, holds MBA degree from IBA-JU, and co-founded the company. Minhazul Abedin, Food and Beverage Expert He has got a masters degree in agricultural studies from Japan. He will provide the technical expertise and advice regarding the beverage products and its quality. 5.3 Board of Advisors Khondokar Mominul Haque, Co-founder He has been successfully managing the operations department of Eclipse Chill Drinks. He will now also serve as an advisor of the Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. Al Masud, Co-founder He has been the head of Human Resources department of Eclipse Chill Drinks, holds a MBA degree from IBA-JU, and co-founded the company. He is also a co-founder of the Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. Maruf Ahmed, Managing Director, Shahjalal Bank He will provide financial and capital related advice and help. Irine Sultana, Vice President, Agro Group She will provide product and market related advice. Mehedi Hasan, Co-founder He is overseeing the Research and Development team and will lead the product development besides being an advisor to the firm. 5.4 Other Professionals Other professionals include our attorney, who will provide legal advice and assistance, our accountant, who will record the financial activities and prepare financial reports, a management consultant, who will provide management consultancy, and a banker, who will help deal with bank transactions issues. 5.5 New Company Structure Figure 3: New Organizational Structure of Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. (self) 6.0 operations plan â€Å"Formally, an operation is the process through which resource inputs are converted into useful outputs (Viehland, 2005)†. It outlines how the business will be run and how your product or service will be produced and distributed. It is a useful way to illustrate how your business will be run  describing it in terms of â€Å"back stage† (unseen to the customer) and â€Å"front stage† (seen by the customer) activities. 6.1 General Approach to Operations It illustrates the back stage view and the front stage view of the operations. Our operations plan includes a manual for operations. The technical approach to the operations manual is illustrated below: Figure 4: Operations manual for Sugarcane drinks production (Seleghim, n.d., p.22) We already have a good relationship with the suppliers who provide us a large amount of raw sugarcane regularly. Our supplies mainly come from Rajshahi, Faridpur, and Kushtia districts. We have already obtained the required business license from the government and the Dhaka City Corporations. Additionally, we have acquired the permit from Health Ministry and Dhaka City Corporations. Our operating hours will be standard 8.5 hours of work including two breaks of 15 minutes each and a lunch break of 30 minutes. We will be extracting raw sugarcane juice and process it to produce a nutritious drink that will be canned for distribution, all in an automated process. The distribution network will be based on Dhaka. 6.2 Business Location Our manufacturing plant will be located in Gazipur. We have acquired a piece of 5acres of land on lease in Gazipur. It is not far from the highway and therefore the transportation for both raw materials and final products will be easier. It includes an artificial pond where our soft industrial wastes can be dumped. For heavy industrial wastes, we have contacted the Gazipur City Corporation for help and guidance. We have also acquired a permit from Gazipur City Corporation. 6.3 Facilities and Equipment We have contacted the a Chinese equipment manufacturer who is ready to make a deal to provide us with required quality machineries and agreed to keep a back up for major machineries in case of our emergency need. The manufacturing plant will have all the necessary safety and security measures and equipment. Our legal advisor is already working on creating a safety related guidelines and policy. The production process has got updated with a new technological advancement. We will be taking this chance and set up the  facility accordingly. 7.0 product design and development plan 7.1 Product Description Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd. will sell a 250ml canned nutritious drink based on sugarcane juice that is enriched with Vitamin C. The product is called â€Å"Eclipse Sugarcane Pop† and it is totally a new product coming from the result of our outsourced R & D team effort. The juice is obtained by crushing peeled sugar cane in a mill. It can be a hand cranked machine, or powered. Then this raw juice will be sent to â€Å"sterilization machine† for sterilization, addition of nutritious elements, and packaging, all in an automated process. Table 2: Nutrition facts in Eclipse Sugarcane Pop (self) 7.2 Additional Ingredients Sugar, or other sweeteners such as high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), fruit and carbonated water (constituting on average 94% of a soft drink) are the main ingredients of our soft drinks and are used in varying quantities. Other minor ingredients added in very low concentrations include flavorings derived from fruit (such as orange used in Fanta); acids (most commonly citric acid); additives to enhance flavor; texture; aroma; appearance; emulsions (most commonly gums and pectin) to enhance appearance; and preservatives and antioxidants (BHA, ascorbic acid, or other naturally occurring additives) to maintain color and flavor. Sugar production in mills requires a significant amount of energy and water and is only economically viable in very large scale sugar mill operations. Citrus fruit is the most processed fruit for soft drink production. 7.3 Packaging There are three types of packaging associated with the industry: primary packaging, which is the soft drink container; secondary packaging, which is the packaging used to group together individual primary packaging; and tertiary packaging, which is used to group together secondary packaging. This is due to the raw materials, energy, water and waste involved in production/recycling and the impacts of disposal such as littering, landfill space and the pollutants produced when incinerated from waste to use as  energy. Primary packaging of Eclipse Sugarcane Pop includes teen can with appropriate cover design and labels. Secondary packaging includes hard paper box cartoons. Tertiary packaging includes hardboard boxes. 7.4 Product Development 7.4.1 Product desirability Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon-type climate, with a hot and rainy summer and a dry winter. It has warm temperatures throughout the year, with relatively little variation from month to month. January is the coolest month with temperatures averaging near 26 ºC and May the warmest with temperatures from 33 to 36  ºC. It is warm and humid. In general, the temperatures ranging from as low as 3 ºC during the night in the winter season to as high as 40 ºC in the summer season (Haque, n.d.). Bangladeshi people tend to be thirstier due to the warm temperature. So they prefer to take soft drinks and juices most of the time. At present people are used to drink sugarcane juice from local vendors. Vendors extract juice from sugarcane and present it to the customer in a glass. These vendors usually sit in open places and are not concerned about hygiene factors. So from the preparation to presentation of sugarcane juice an unhygienic approach is followed by the local vendors. Thirsty people are drinking the juice as no more sugarcane juice providers are in the market currently providing hygienic sugarcane juice. So desirability for hygienic sugarcane juice drinks is very high. 7.4.2 Product demand In Bangladesh, almost 9 months of a year is summer. So there is always existence of the demand for soft drinks, juice, energy drinks etc. Consumers of these are ready to buy 250 ml, 500 ml and 1liter packages. However, initially we are considering only the 250ml package until it creates enough demand for our product in the market. It has been found that 15 glasses (200 ml per glass) of sugarcane juice are being sold per summer hour. The highest sale of the traditional sugarcane juice available right now is 400 glasses in a 10-hour day that is 40 glasses per hour. The lowest sale is 80 glasses in a 10 hour day that is 8 glasses per hour. Normally the lowest sales days are the rainy days (Haque, n.d). 7.5 Manufacturing In this product manufacturing process (usually referred to as the bottling process) water purification takes place to ensure that the flavor and quality of the beverage are not affected by bacteria or unwanted substances. A series of water purification processes take place such as coagulation, flocculation, filtration and sterilization. Reverse osmosis is increasingly used as the main final treatment process. Dissolved sugar, juice and flavor concentrates are pumped into batch tanks where they are carefully mixed making syrup. Some syrup, such as the fruit-based syrups, is sterilized. The whole bottling process uses between 2 and 4 liters of water per liter of soft drink that is produced, and between 0.5 and 1.0 mega joules per liter of soft drink creates energy in human body. Additional information regarding the manufacturing process has been covered in the Operations Plan section. 8.0 financial projections The Eclipse Chill Beverage financial picture is quite promising. Eclipse Chill Beverage is operating a cash business; the initial cost is significantly less than many start-ups these days. The financial investment in its employees will be one of the greatest differentiators between Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd and its competitors. The Eclipse Chill Beverage Ltd anticipates the initial combination of investments and long-term financing to carry it without the need for any additional equity or debt investment, beyond the purchase of equipment or facilities. The financial plan depends on important assumptions, most of which are shown in the following table. The key underlying assumptions are: 1. Sales Revenue: Yearly 689850 Unit @ 25tk per unit = 17246250 TK .Sales revenue will be increase as 2nd year-6%, 3rd year-10%, and 4th year-15% 2. Cost of goods sold: Our COGS are determining 50% of the sales price. In manufacture overhead we include two things direct labor & direct material. Direct labor = 768000 TK (Yearly), Direct material= 7281750 taka Yearly & Factory overhead cost yearly is =472000. So, Total cost of goods sold = (768000+7281750+472000) =8521750 & Ending inventory for the 1st year is =1040250 tk. 3. Advertising expense: Here include TV, Radio, Newspaper, Internet, Leaflets, Visiting card Allover advertising cost is =358000(yearly).But this will be increase at the @5% from the 2nd to 5th year 4. Salaries: our total worker salary is =1152000Tk.It will also increase if profit is increase. 5. Insurance: Total about is 15000000Tk and for this our insurance is 8000000Tk for the 10 years =8000000/10 =800000(yearly) 6. Deprecation: Our depreciation is 20% of the total equipment cost. Our total equipment cost AC cost=40000*6 =240000, Purchase fun= 1200*6= 24000, Computer cost= 30000*6 = 1800000, Purchase cover van=1000000*2 =2000000. Total cost =2444000. 20% of the total cost =2444000*20% =485000/10 =48500(Yearly) 7. Loan Payment: We take 6000000Tk loan from the bank with the interest of 14% for 10 Year: 60000000*14%=84000.So ,Principle+ Interest=600000+8400=684000 (Per year) 8. Utilities bill: Utilities bill includes Gas, Electricity, and Water. In this Gas and Water bill is fixed and Electricity bill is not fixed.