The importance of History, Geography, Civics and...

The importance of History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship in the Australian Curriculum F–10 cannot be underestimated. They encourage, foster and shape key skills and practices in students; by examining their link to Australian identity it is possible to observe their importance. Currently, the three subjects of History, Geography, and Civics and Citizenship are grouped under Human Society and its Environment (HSIE), and to varying degrees seek to link knowledge and understanding, values and attitudes, and practical skills. However, although they work cohesively as a group, each discipline has a unique nature and scope, which can be utilised and provide insight. Each discipline has an inimitable nature at their core. History assists†¦show more content†¦Of importance, each of these disciplines have a role in shaping and defining a student’s understanding of national identity, and of primary significance, the Australian identity is shaped by individual and collective perceptions, and national identity is a concept which affects not only the individual but on a global scale. As a subject, History draws upon context, extrapolating the constructed decades of storytelling, myth-making, media, and perceived shared experience (Elder, 2007). Australia’s history provides a tradition for identity, such as the connection arising from myth-making and heroes in literature, seen in works such by A. B. Paterson, and artists like Sidney Nolan. Therefore, in the curriculum history provides an opportunity to learn about a ‘shared’ national experience, and prompts an appreciation of the change of societal mores not only from the past but in current Australia. History on its own gives the opportunity to view Australian identity as a fluid concept, and one undergoing many changes. Finally, History allows students to gain a better understanding of the current trends of increased links with Asia and pacific, globalism, reconciliation and multiculturalism. The Australian IdentityShow MoreRelatedEssay on Australian Educational Curriculum2258 Words   |  10 PagesIntro In exploring the Australian Curriculum, it becomes apparent that this curriculum was developed to encompass a wide range of skills and abilities that will be needed to enable young Australians to become productive and successful members of society of the future. The influence of a range of different curriculum models and education theories has bought together a comprehensive overview of what the Australian education system will deliver and how this can be accomplished. Structure and ScopeRead MoreThe Growth Of Literacy Skills2155 Words   |  9 Pagespurposes in a range of contexts. There exist several similarities and differences between a curriculum and assessment in early childhood and primary education contexts. Assessment for children is critical. A curriculum, standards and assessment collectively join to help one provide the best learning experiences for children. Teachers and other practitioners should assess children’s progress on the curriculum content that is presented to children. As Rickards and Cheek (1999) state, the informationRead MoreDefinition Of Curriculum And Curriculum2230 Words   |  9 PagesCurriculum is difficult to define as there is no one universal definition. Therefore the definition of curriculum will vary depending on the individual. Marsh and Willis (1995 as cited in Understanding Teaching For Learning Textbook Topic 3, p. 57) believe curriculum is ‘an interrelated set of plans and experiences that a student undertakes under the guidance of the school (p.10). 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Theory of Mercantilism Free Essays

string(237) " lies in the increasing professionalisation and technification of the wars of the era, which turned the maintenance of adequate reserve funds \(in the prospect of war\) into a more and more expensive and eventually competitive business\." Theory of Mercantilism Most of the European economists who wrote between 1500 and 1750 are today generally considered mercantilists; this term was initially used solely by critics, such as Mirabeau and Smith, but was quickly adopted by historians. Originally the standard English term was â€Å"mercantile system†. The word â€Å"mercantilism† was introduced into English from German in the early 19th century. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Mercantilism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The bulk of what is commonly called â€Å"mercantilist literature† appeared in the 1620s in Great Britain. 6] Smith saw English merchant Thomas Mun (1571–1641) as a major creator of the mercantile system, especially in his posthumously published Treasure by Foreign Trade (1664), which Smith considered the archetype or manifesto of the movement. [7] Perhaps the last major mercantilist work was James Steuart’s Principles of Political Economy published in 1767. [8] â€Å"Mercantilist literature† also extended beyond England. For example, Italy, France, and Spain produced noted writers of mercantilist themes including Italy’s Giovanni Botero (1544–1617) and Antonio Serra (1580-? ; France’s, Jean Bodin, Colbert and other physiocrats. Themes also existed in writers from the German historical school from List, as well as followers of the â€Å"American system† and British â€Å"free-trade imperialism,† thus stretching the syste m into the 19th century. However, many British writers, including Mun and Misselden, were merchants, while many of the writers from other countries were public officials. Beyond mercantilism as a way of understanding the wealth and power of nations, Mun and Misselden are noted for their viewpoints on a wide range of economic matters. [9] Merchants in Venice The Austrian lawyer and scholar Philipp Wilhelm von Hornick, in his Austria Over All, If She Only Will of 1684, detailed a nine-point program of what he deemed effective national economy, which sums up the tenets of mercantilism comprehensively:[10] That every inch of a country’s soil be utilized for agriculture, mining or manufacturing. That all raw materials found in a country be used in domestic manufacture, since finished goods have a higher value than raw materials. That a large, working population be encouraged. That all export of gold and silver be prohibited and all domestic money be kept in circulation. That all imports of foreign goods be discouraged as much as possible. That where certain imports are indispensable they be obtained at first hand, in exchange for other domestic goods instead of gold and silver. That as much as possible, imports be confined to raw materials that can be finished [in the home country]. That opportunities be constantly sought for selling a country’s surplus manufactures to foreigners, so far as necessary, for gold and silver. That no importation be allowed if such goods are sufficiently and suitably supplied at home. Other than Von Hornick, there were no mercantilist writers presenting an overarching scheme for the ideal economy, as Adam Smith would later do for classical economics. Rather, each mercantilist writer tended to focus on a single area of the economy. [11] Only later did non-mercantilist scholars integrate these â€Å"diverse† ideas into what they called mercantilism. Some scholars thus reject the idea of mercantilism completely, arguing that it gives â€Å"a false unity to disparate events†. Smith saw the mercantile system as an enormous conspiracy by manufacturers and merchants against consumers, a view that has led some authors, especially Robert E. Ekelund and Robert D. Tollison to call mercantilism â€Å"a rent-seeking society†. To a certain extent, mercantilist doctrine itself made a general theory of economics impossible. Mercantilists viewed the economic system as a zero-sum game, in which any gain by one party required a loss by another. [12] Thus, any system of policies that benefited one group would by definition harm the other, and there was no possibility of economics being used to maximize the â€Å"commonwealth†, or common good. [13] Mercantilists’ writings were also generally created to rationalize particular practices rather than as investigations into the best policies. 14] Mercantilist domestic policy was more fragmented than its trade policy. While Adam Smith portrayed mercantilism as supportive of strict controls over the economy, many mercantilists disagreed. The early modern era was one of letters patent and government-imposed monopolies; some mercantilists supported these, but others ack nowledged the corruption and inefficiency of such systems. Many mercantilists also realized that the inevitable results of quotas and price ceilings were black markets. One notion mercantilists widely agreed upon was the need for economic oppression of the working population; laborers and farmers were to live at the â€Å"margins of subsistence†. The goal was to maximize production, with no concern for consumption. Extra money, free time, or education for the â€Å"lower classes† was seen to inevitably lead to vice and laziness, and would result in harm to the economy. [15] Infinite growth The mercantilists saw a large population as a form of wealth which made possible the development of bigger markets and armies. The opposing doctrine of physiocracy predicted that mankind would outgrow its resources. Origins Scholars debate over why mercantilism dominated economic ideology for 250 years. [16] One group, represented by Jacob Viner, argues that mercantilism was simply a straightforward, common-sense system whose logical fallacies could not be discovered by the people of the time, as they simply lacked the required analytical tools. The second school, supported by scholars such as Robert B. Ekelund, contends that mercantilism was not a mistake, but rather the best possible system for those who developed it. This school argues that mercantilist policies were developed and enforced by rent-seeking merchants and governments. Merchants benefited greatly from the enforced monopolies, bans on foreign competition, and poverty of the workers. Governments benefited from the high tariffs and payments from the merchants. Whereas later economic ideas were often developed by academics and philosophers, almost all mercantilist writers were merchants or government officials. [17] Monetarism offers a third explanation for mercantilism. European trade exported bullion to pay for goods from Asia, thus reducing the money supply and putting downward pressure on prices and economic activity. The evidence for this hypothesis is the lack of inflation in the English economy until the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars when paper money was extensively used. A fourth explanation lies in the increasing professionalisation and technification of the wars of the era, which turned the maintenance of adequate reserve funds (in the prospect of war) into a more and more expensive and eventually competitive business. You read "Theory of Mercantilism" in category "Essay examples" Mercantilism developed at a time when the European economy was in transition. Isolated feudal estates were being replaced by centralized nation-states as the focus of power. Technological changes in shipping and the growth of urban centres led to a rapid increase in international trade. [18] Mercantilism focused on how this trade could best aid the states. Another important change was the introduction of double-entry bookkeeping and modern accounting. This accounting made extremely clear the inflow and outflow of trade, contributing to the close scrutiny given to the balance of trade. [19] Of course, the impact of the discovery of America cannot be ignored. New markets and new mines propelled foreign trade to previously inconceivable heights. The latter led to â€Å"the great upward movement in prices† and an increase in â€Å"the volume of merchant activity itself. †[20] Prior to mercantilism, the most important economic work done in Europe was by the medieval scholastic theorists. The goal of these thinkers was to find an economic system that was compatible with Christian doctrines of piety and justice. They focused mainly on microeconomics and local exchanges between individuals. Mercantilism was closely aligned with the other theories and ideas that were replacing the medieval worldview. This period saw the adoption of the very Machiavellian realpolitik and the primacy of the raison d’etat in international relations. The mercantilist idea that all trade was a zero sum game, in which each side was trying to best the other in a ruthless competition, was integrated into the works of Thomas Hobbes. The dark view of human nature also fit well with the Puritan view of the world, and some of the most stridently mercantilist legislation, such as the Navigation Acts, were enacted by the government of Oliver Cromwell. [21] Policies French finance minister and mercantilist Jean-Baptiste Colbert served for over 20 years. Mercantilist ideas were the dominant economic ideology of all of Europe in the early modern period, and most states embraced it to a certain degree. Mercantilism was centred in England and France, and it was in these states that mercantilist polices were most often enacted. France Mercantilism arose in France in the early 16th century, soon after the monarchy had become the dominant force in French politics. In 1539, an important decree banned the importation of woolen goods from Spain and some parts of Flanders. The next year, a number of restrictions were imposed on the export of bullion. [22] Over the rest of the sixteenth century further protectionist measures were introduced. The height of French mercantilism is closely associated with Jean-Baptiste Colbert, finance minister for 22 years in the 17th century, to the extent that French mercantilism is sometimes called Colbertism. Under Colbert, the French government became deeply involved in the economy in order to increase exports. Protectionist policies were enacted that limited imports and favored exports. Industries were organized into guilds and monopolies, and production was regulated by the state through a series of over a thousand directives outlining how different products should be produced. [23] To encourage industry, foreign artisans and craftsmen were imported. Colbert also worked to decrease internal barriers to trade, reducing internal tariffs and building an extensive network of roads and canals. Colbert’s policies were quite successful, and France’s industrial output and economy grew considerably during this period, as France became the dominant European power. He was less successful in turning France into a major trading power, and Britain and the Netherlands remained supreme in this field. [23] Great Britain In England, mercantilism reached its peak during the 1340-1789 Long Parliament government (1640–1660). Mercantilist policies were also embraced throughout much of the Tudor and Stuart periods, with Robert Walpole being another major proponent. In Britain, government control over the domestic economy was far less extensive than on the Continent, limited by common law and the steadily increasing power of Parliament. 24] Government-controlled monopolies were common, especially before the English Civil War, but were often controversial. [25] The Anglo-Dutch Wars were fought between the English and the Dutch for control over the seas and trade routes. With respect to its colonies, British mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the ex clusion of other empires. The government protected its merchants—and kept others out—by trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm. The government had to fight smuggling—which became a favorite American technique in the 18th century to circumvent the restrictions on trading with the French, Spanish or Dutch. The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses, so that gold and silver would pour into London. The government took its share through duties and taxes, with the remainder going to merchants in Britain. The government spent much of its revenue on a superb Royal Navy, which not only protected the British colonies but threatened the colonies of the other empires, and sometimes seized them. Thus the British Navy captured New Amsterdam (New York) in 1664. The colonies were captive markets for British industry, and the goal was to enrich the mother country. [26] British mercantilist writers were themselves divided on whether domestic controls were necessary. British mercantilism thus mainly took the form of efforts to control trade. A wide array of regulations was put in place to encourage exports and discourage imports. Tariffs were placed on imports and bounties given for exports, and the export of some raw materials was banned completely. The Navigation Acts expelled foreign merchants from England’s domestic trade. The nation aggressively sought colonies and once under British control, regulations were imposed that allowed the colony to only produce raw materials and to only trade with Britain. This led to friction with the inhabitants of these colonies, and mercantilist policies (such as forbidding trade with other empires and controls over smuggling) were a major irritant leading to the American Revolution. Over all, however, mercantilist policies had a positive impact on Britain helping turn it into the world’s dominant trader, and an international superpower[citation needed]. One domestic policy that had a lasting impact was the conversion of â€Å"waste lands† to agricultural use. Mercantilists felt that to maximize a nation’s power all land and resources had to be used to their utmost, and this era thus saw projects like the draining of The Fens. [27] Mercantilism helped create trade patterns such as the triangular trade in the North Atlantic, in which raw materials were imported to the metropolis and then processed and redistributed to other colonies. Other countries The other nations of Europe also embraced mercantilism to varying degrees. The Netherlands, which had become the financial centre of Europe by being its most efficient trader, had little interest in seeing trade restricted and adopted few mercantilist policies. Mercantilism became prominent in Central Europe and Scandinavia after the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648), with Christina of Sweden, Jacob Kettler of Courland, Christian IV of Denmark being notable proponents. The Habsburg Holy Roman Emperors had long been interested in mercantilist policies, but the vast and decentralized nature of their empire made implementing such notions difficult. Some constituent states of the empire did embrace Mercantilism, most notably Prussia, which under Frederick the Great had perhaps the most rigidly controlled economy in Europe. During the economic collapse of the seventeenth century Spain had little coherent economic policy, but French mercantilist policies were imported by Philip V with some success. Russia under Peter I (Peter the Great) attempted to pursue mercantilism, but had little success because of Russia’s lack of a large merchant class or an industrial base. Wars and imperialism Mercantilism was economic warfare and was well suited to an era of military warfare. [28] Since the level of world trade was viewed as fixed, it followed that the only way to increase a nation’s trade was to take it from another. A number of wars, most notably the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the Franco-Dutch Wars, can be linked directly to mercantilist theories. Most wars had other causes but they reinforced mercantilism by clearly defining the enemy, and justified damage to the enemy’s economy. Mercantilism fueled the imperialism of this era, as many nations expended significant effort to build new colonies that would be sources of gold (as in Mexico) or sugar (as in the West Indies), as well as becoming exclusive markets. European power spread around the globe, often under the aegis of companies with government-guaranteed monopolies in certain defined geographical regions, such as the Dutch East India Company or the British Hudson’s Bay Company (operating in present-day Canada). How to cite Theory of Mercantilism, Essay examples

Belonging †Short Story Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"Father. why did you fall in the war? †***The Sun rose proudly as the forenoon clouds parted uncovering the steps to what seemed similar heaven as I glanced through my office window. The light easy uncovered the field outside as the work forces marched uniformly while I saluted to my states flag that stood high above foreign dirt. *** My male parent focused on the skyline through the forenoon dew that covered the kitchen window. His custodies fidgeting with the cross that hanged from his cervix. With a little glance of light looking. he fixed himself unsloped. proud. heterosexual and still. His custodies brushed the triumph decoration as he saluted to the lifting Sun that glared over the state. Without vacillation. back consecutive. custodies stiff and elbows set. I mimicked as he turned to confront me. His stolid look all of a sudden filled with coloring material as he lifted me onto his shoulder. We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging – Short Story Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Come on. let’s make some forenoon tea† . ***Steping off from my office Windowss. poached H2O. cup in manus. tea leaves in. aroma lifting. I soothed the cup with my soft breath. I run my manus over my left arm. repairing the little folds that formulated. croping the class 1 seven chevrons that were sewn on. Stripes of bravery. rank and recognition. *** My male parent easy wiped down the Lee-Enfield while I filled up the metal canteen. â€Å"Father. is it traveling to ache the coney? †He allow out a short laughter. finished with a smirk and a smile offering me to smooth the. 303 that he was pass overing. â€Å"Come on boy. if you have a head every bit weak as that. you won’t do it past a private. † *** Taking a sip from the warm scented cup. the cross dangled down slackly from my cervix. The cup is set back onto the tabular array. with my preheated warm custodies hold oning the wooden symbol. â€Å"Dismiss us with your approval. † ***My male parent with his face somewhat pale and his dorsum against the bedhead coughed lightly as I raised the cover above his waist. After a little intermission of remainder. he elevated his right manus and signalled a little flicking gesture. The adult female with a white robe nodded behind me and exited the basic. unfertile room shuting the door behind her. My father’s manus descended hold oning my right. gazing at the national service application I held with my left manus. With all attempts. he gave a smiling as he lifted the wooden cross free from his cervix and with two custodies cupped the object in the bosom of my thenar. â€Å"Pray every forenoon and dark. It worked for me. I’m certain I’ll see you shortly. † *** *knock*knock*I turn towards the door while my custodies loosen as I let the cross dangle back down in gesture. â€Å"Sir. with particular orders. I’ve been asked to present this. It’s from person back at place. † I tried non to presume the worst as I received the tainted envelope. With weak ink outline it reads â€Å"To my lone Son† on the field screen. My bosom sinks as the missive unfolds. custodies trembled gripping one time once more the cross that no longer hanged freely from my cervix. Cryings stained the white paper as I guided my eyes through my father’s script. He was my everything. everything that I am today. â€Å"I’m sorry for your loss sir† . the immature adult male quietly adds. I pause at the last line. custodies gripped. pess trembling. The salty beads continue to drip down as my custodies easy ungrasped. Fingers indicating. I focused on the concluding line of ink. perchance written with my father’s staying breat h. a individual line of Latin. â€Å"Tell the commanding officer that I will be taking the front line battalion on the concluding onslaught on Berlin. † The immature courier looked blankly into my watery-eyed eyes. â€Å"But it’s a†¦ Yes sir. † *** â€Å"Father. why did you fall in the war? † I asked as my male parent poured the warm H2O into my cup of premade tea. The H2O flow seized as he looked one time once more out the kitchen window. He paused for a minute. concentrating before a smiling broke out from his deep idea. With a soothing look he replied. â€Å"Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. †

John Whites drawing and Theodore De Bry engravings

Introduction In 1585, John White led the third Raleigh-financed voyage to Roanoke Island; in a venture planned by Sir Walter Raleigh known as the failed colony of Roanoke. The city of Raleigh located in Central North Carolina, is named after Sir Walter Raleigh, who actually never set his foot there. He however â€Å"encouraged the settlement of North Carolina, and played a great role in popularizing the New World’s potatoes and tobacco in England and Ireland† (Bry 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on John White’s drawing and Theodore De Bry engravings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More John White documented his trip with watercolor images of the native people he encountered and some of the scenes and material goods of their lives so that when he returned to England he could show what he had seen. A publisher by the name Theodore De Bry later on made engravings of some of White’s pictures to be included in Harriot’s book. This paper will analyze the changes made on White’s work by Bry, underlying reasons and recommendations for the changes. Village Of Pomeiooc Description John white painted a â€Å"bird’s eye view of an Algonkian village, located between the present Lake Landing and Wyesocking Bay, on his 1585 visit to the Carolina coast,† (Hulton and Quinn 1964) however, Theodore De Bry, engraved a plate known as ‘The arrival of the Englishmen in Virginia’ which represents the map of North Carolina oriented to the west. Indeed, according to Hulton and Quinn (1964) the map shows â€Å"part of Pamlico Sound, Roanoke Island, the mouth of Albemarle Sound and the Alligator River, and part of Currituck Sound with the Carolina Outer Banks, divided into six islands.† Variations between Theodore De Bry Engraving and Drawing by John White The following are the important variations between Theodore de Bry engraving and drawing by john white. Primarily, work of Bry has some significant changes to what White had made, with the rear entrance to the palisade being omitted, enlarged poles and a hexagonal ground plan for the house that had cupola. In addition, although he did not quite make significant variations on occupation capacity, Bry found it proper to draw a trees background as well as drawing cornfield, and sunflower and a small pond to the left and right of the picture respectively. Moreover, the drawing of the Indians differ as Bry decided to present two of them drawing water â€Å"using hemispherical vessels with loop handles,† while the engravement also includes a ridge in the foreground with plants growing on it (Hulton and Quinn 1964) The Reasons De Bry Might Have Had for Making those Changes De Bry wanted to relate his engraving more closely to the lost variant from which White made his drawing. At the publishing time, De Bry could have made some changes by comparing B. Sloane copy plate 81 with that of John White. Before publication, De Bry could have read the history of Algonkian village, which may have influenced his choice of variations.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the descriptions given by most of the people who wrote about Carolina Algonkians, the poles drawn by White were approximately correct but they were too widely spaced. According to a reference house at Roanoak with five rooms, white shows nothing comparable (Deak and Birmingham Public Library 1992). Indian Woman and Young Girl Description John White drew a picture of a woman standing to the front facing half right, and on her left there is a child facing half left. She is in an apron skirt of fringed skin, long hair caught at the nape of her neck, a headband, a bead necklace on her neck and on her waist where her right hand is thrust, some painted or tattooed decorations on her forehead, chi ck, chin, and upper arms, and a large bottle-guard shaped vessel on her left hand. Her height just at the woman’s waist, the girl dons a necklace, â€Å"a tongue like pendant on her right hand, a thong and a doll on her left hand† (Hulton and Quinn 1964). Variations between Theodore De Bry Engraving and Drawing by John White In De Bry engraving, certain variations made include presenting the woman with her right foot just in front of her left foot while the girl is running towards the left holding a doll on her left hand. The difference with White’s drawing is that the girl is stationary at the left side of the woman – not running (Hulton and Quinn 1964). Moreover, Bry made other changes by removing the headband from the woman and changing the location of tattoo marks from the chin to the calves in addition to adding an extra string to the girl’s necklace and removing a pendant from the same. The Reasons De Bry Might Have Had for Making those Chang es During his time of publishing, Theodore De Bry had at his exposure the narrative by Thomas Harriot and the drawing by John White thus he made some changes from the narrative through comparison. He might have made some changes from the history of the place from other sources or from its museums and archives. Implication of the Modifications The modifications made by De Bry in his engravings gives the reader a broader view of the history of Algonkian village in North Carolina. One tends to assume that De Bry had done enough research before he published Harriot’s book meaning that he was trying to perfect White’s drawings.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on John White’s drawing and Theodore De Bry engravings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Bry, Theodore D. John White’s attempt to rescue the Roanoke colonists. N.d. 16 October 2010. http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amer begin/exploration/text6/white.pdf Deak, Gloria-Gilda and Birmingham Public Library. Discovering America’s Southeast: a sixteenth century view based on the mannerist engravings of Theodore de Bry. Birmingham, Birmingham Public Library Press. 1992 Hulton, Paul and Quinn, David B. American Drawings of John White.1964.16 October 2010. http://www.virtualjamestown.org/images/white_debry_html/white.html#s34 This essay on John White’s drawing and Theodore De Bry engravings was written and submitted by user Lee Ellison to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

italian job review essays

italian job review essays Ok face the facts. Sir Michael Caines 60s the Italian job really isnt as good as people say it is. Great fun, yes! Great film, no! But it doesnt really matter-taking on the remake with better imagination with similarities such as the title, and then it ending with a trio or minis. Lets start with the beginning, as with all modern films, they take the James bond approach and start with a huge action scene setting up for the rest of the story. It starts with the heist; and a brilliant heist it is too, I cool selection of soft stepping, loud bangs, speedboats and down right devious trickery. They get their hands on $35 million in gold bars from a safe house in the center of Venice, they think they are on the road to riches when the get sent off by a murderous double crosser who takes the gold. After he kills Bridger the rest of the crew head off to L.A. to create a scheme thatll snatch there gold back and get revenge. So whos in the team? Well theres the leader and master planner Charlie Crocker (mark Wahlberg), the man with the plan. Handsome Rob (Jason Statham-ex Olympic racer turned actor), is the wheelman. Theres Lyle (Seth Green), a tech whiz who swears he invented Napster. Theres Left-ear (Mos Def-A rapper), the explosives expert. Bridgers daughter Stella (Charlie Theron), an expert safe cracker and the back stabber Steve Frezelli (Edward Norton- who did not want to do the movie but was forced to by contract), weasely back stabber whose only talent is being sneaky and devious. With an all-star cast this film is a blend between 2 fast 2 furious and Oceans 11. Unlike the first film, this one has a much better set up and has better twists, the original didnt seem to have any preparation at all (well apart from blowing up a van and smashing up a few minis-which I loved) this is more modern and has the mor ...

Analysis of the asia pacific airline industry

Analysis of the asia pacific airline industry There are many industries that the world has come to heavily rely on as globalization has become more widespread. The idea of national and continental boundaries being a limitation has gradually been overtaken by the innovations of mankind over the past few decades. The inventor of the airplane; Orville Wright is quoted as saying in 1908; â€Å"No airship will ever fly from New York to Paris.  That seems to me to be impossibleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the airship will always be a special messenger, never a load-carrier† (Smithsonian Education, 2010). What he could not have imagined was that a century later his invention would be at the centre of the globalisation movement taking place and that the airplanes would be the core of an industry which directly facilitates economic growth, world trade, international investment and tourism (Doganis, 2000). The International Air Transport Association (IATA) forecasts international air travel to grow by an average of 6.6% a year to the end of t he decade and over 5% a year from 2000 to 2010 (Stanford University; 2010). These rates correlate with the levels of profitability that have been noted over the past five years as illustrated in Figure-1, showing that the level of profitability in the industry has been steadily growing over the past 5 years. Figure-1: IATA, 2010 The Asia Pacific Airline Industry The most dynamic growth is centred on the Asia Pacific region, where fast-growing trade and investment are coupled with rising domestic prosperity. Home to more than 4 billion people and driven by two of the largest dynamic economies; India and China, the Asia-Pacific region carries more than 25% of global passenger traffic annually (IATA Annual Report, 2010). According to IATA CEO Giovanni Bisignani, as of April 2010 the Asia Pacific region was deemed to be the world’s largest aviation market (IATA Annual Report 2010). High rates of economic growth in the emerging markets within the Asia Pacific have led to the rapid expansion of aviation industries serving Asia and The Pacific (Sumner et al. 1995). The Asia Pacific airline industry witnessed a boom in the 1990’s that can only be termed as remarkable especially when compared to the performance of other airline markets such as the USA and Europe (Sumner et al. 1995). The dynamic nature of this region places it as an area of economic interest and analysis. This paper will give an economic analysis which will present arguments of how the airline industry functions and the plausible economic justifications for the massive growth that has been seen in the Asia Pacific airline industry. To present a concise analysis we will focus on three major commercial airlines in the region namely; Cathay Pacific, Singapore Airlines and All Nippon Airways as well as three market leaders in the Low Cost Carriers Sector (LCCs) namely; Cebu Pacific Air, Tiger Airways and Air Asia. 2. Asia Pacific Airline Industry: A Competitive Analysis Airline services categ orized as low cost carriers or LCC’s emerged in the airline industry in the South-East Asia region following deregulation in the early 2000’s and Air Asia pioneered low cost travelling (Arifin et al. 2010). Arifin et al. (2010) further highlight that as the number of LCC’s has grown; these airlines have begun to compete with one another in addition to the full service airlines. A competitive analysis of the Asia Pacific airline industry is therefore two-fold; firstly analysis on the basis of the competition between LCC’s themselves and secondly between LCC’s and full service airlines.

Essay Response Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Response - Essay Example rely affect the people who earn less money, the US government will save a lot of money by taking this step, instead of giving the money to poor families the government will keep that money intact using it for other purposes. There has been a lot of hue and cry about the same and it is unfair to withdraw support, the poor people must not be left all on their own the government must help them in every possible way. â€Å"It is also believed that more than one million higher income earners will also be worse off as a result of the Governments changes to the private health insurance rebate, announced in last nights Budget. Under changes to family tax benefit A, from July low-income families earning less than $42,000 a year will lose 35c per week - $18 a year - for each child aged under 12, and $26 a year for each child aged 13 to 15.† (Changes to Family Tax) The Budget delivered to the congress is expected to be somewhere around $ 3.6 Trillion. It is also expected that by 2013 the deficit of the US is expected to fall to as low as $ 533 Billion, the current deficit is much higher than what it is going to be in 2013. A very good step has been taken by the government; the government has set aside a whopping amount of $250 Billion to rescue the current recession crisis. This money will mainly be used to bailout several big banks in order to keep the economy functioning the way it used to prior to recession. This money is expected to bring things right back on track. The congress has already set aside an amount of $ 700 Billion for the same and the increase in amount only goes to show the desperation to put an end to the current crisis. Education funding has also been a sector that has hogged the limelight in this Federal Budget; the President has promised to fund the education sector much better than ever. He has promised to strengthen the education sector and this will only help the country rise to unprecedented heights. The president is a very ambitious man and he